The invention relates to the field of coal preparation and waste discharge, in particular to an intelligent dry waste discharge system based on true dual energy X-rays. The intelligent dry waste discharge system includes a feeding mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a recognition mechanism and a sorting mechanism. The feeding mechanism is composed of a feeding funnel and a spray desliming device, the outer part of the feeding funnel is in an inverted cone shape, and the inner part of the feeding funnel is laid with wear-resistant porcelain plates which can reduce the abrasion of funnel wall surfaces; the spray desliming device is composed of spray pipes and a high-frequency sifter; the conveying mechanism is composed of an electronic belt scale which can monitor the feeding quantity in realtime, an electromagnetic iron remover which can reduce the contamination of sundries, a belt cleaner which can clean fine materials, and a lining-up device capable of forming a plurality of regular coal flows; the recognition mechanism is composed of an X-ray generator generating the X-rays with different intensity, a detector receiving the X-rays, an imaging upper computer, a BP neural network, and a lead isolation room; and the sorting mechanism is composed of a positioning device, a manipulator, and a PLC control cabinet. According to the intelligent dry waste discharge system based on thetrue dual energy X-rays, adaptability to coal is strong, intelligent recognition is realized, therecognition accuracy is high, and at the same time, coal-dust pollution is reduced.