The invention discloses an air brake with a gravity balance structure for ship ventilation, which belongs to the technical field of ship ventilation and comprises a brake body; a protective shell is arranged on the outer side of the brake body; an air inlet is formed in one side of the protective shell; and an air outlet is formed in one side, far away from the air inlet, of the protective shell.Wind power balance assemblies penetrating into the protective shell are arranged at the top and the bottom of the protective shell, a plurality of sets of holes are evenly formed in the top and the bottom of the protective shell, the number of the holes is four, and every two holes form a set. Through the arrangement of an inclined flow guide plate, air flow passing through the flow guide plate impacts the inclined flow guide plates first, the impact force is used for buffering the passing air flow, the flowing speed of the passing air flow is reduced instantly, and therefore the flowing speedof the air flow passing through the flow guide plates is lower; and the higher the inclination degree of the flow guide plate is, the lower the flowing speed of the passing airflow is, so that the air flow flowing speed can be adjusted.