The invention discloses a device and method for monitoring the vertical displacement of a bridge body of a multi-section constructed bridge. The device comprises a standard liquid tank, a liquid supplementing tank, a liquid surface control pipe, a liquid supplementing pipe, a liquid communicating pipe and a displacement sensor, wherein the position, close to the top, of the side wall of the standard liquid tank is provided with a liquid surface control hole, the standard liquid tank is filled with liquid which is flush with the top edge of the liquid surface control hole, a ventilating pipe with a valve is arranged on the top of the standard liquid tank, the liquid supplementing tank is filled with liquid, the bottom surface elevation of the liquid supplementing tank is not lower than thetop surface elevation of the standard liquid tank, one end of the liquid surface control pipe is connected with the top of the liquid supplementing tank, the other end of the liquid surface control pipe is connected with the liquid surface control hole, the two ends of the liquid supplementing pipe are connected with the bottom of the standard liquid tank and the bottom of the liquid supplementingtank respectively, one end of the liquid communicating pipe is communicated with the lower portion of the standard liquid tank, the end, close to the standard liquid tank, of the liquid communicatingpipe is provided with a working valve, and the displacement sensor is connected with the standard liquid tank through the liquid communicating pipe. The device and method are suitable for automatically monitoring the vertical displacement of the bridge body in the bridge multi-section construction period and also suitable for automatically monitoring the vertical displacement for a long time after the structure is completed.