The invention discloses a method and device for calibrating absolute spectral response of a photoelectric detector, relating to the test of photoelectric detectors. The device is provided with a grating spectrometer, a photoelectric acquiring circuit, a computer, a to-be-tested photoelectric detector, a standard spectral irradiance probe, a sleeve, a convergent lens set, a light source, an LED (Light Emitting Diode) temperature controlled clamp and an LED current stabilizing source, wherein the relative spectral response of the to-be-tested photoelectric detector is measured to obtain a relative spectral response curve, the probe and the light source are fixed in the sleeve, an LED is turned on and a clamp is opened, spectral irradiance distributions of the LED under different currents are measured, the probe is removed, the to-be-tested photoelectric detector is fixed in the sleeve, response current values of the to-be-tested photoelectric detector under illumination of different wavelengths are acquired by the photoelectric acquiring current and are sent to the computer; and the absolute spectral response of the to-be-tested photoelectric detector can be figured out by using the relative spectral response and the response current of the to-be-tested photoelectric detector under the illumination of the LED light source. Finally, a response-wavelength curve is drawn.