The invention relates to an H-type steel beam installation gap adjusting device and a use method of the H-type steel beam installation gap adjusting device. The H-type steel beam installation gap adjusting device comprises two bases, a C-type draw arm, a clamping mechanism and a jack, wherein the C-type draw arm is arranged on the outer sides of the two bases in a crossing mode, the jack is arranged between one base and the C-type draw arm, and the clamping mechanism is fixed to one base through a puller bolt. The use method comprises the following steps that the bases are manufactured, the clamping mechanism and the C-type draw arm are installed, the jack is installed on the adjusting side, the puller bolt penetrates through a fixed adjusting plate to be tightly jacked in a groove of a sliding clamping plate, the jack is started, the two ends of an H-type steel beam draw close inwards under the driving of the clamping mechanism, and the adjusting distance can be visually read from an adjusting ruler above the C-type draw arm. Compared with the prior art, the H-type steel beam installation gap adjusting device and the use method have the advantages that the structure is simple, operation is convenient, the adjusting interval is visual, safety of prior structural design is not affected, labor is saved, operation safety is ensured, and the H-type steel beam installation gap adjusting device can be used repeatedly.