The invention provides a cardiac electric axis 6-lead wrong connection detection system and a detection method. The system comprises a three-dimensional reconstruction unit, a right attaching position location unit, an electrode plate recognition and location unit and a matching degree inspection unit. The method comprises the following steps: conducting three-dimensional reconstruction on a human body upper part three-dimensional model; recognizing right attaching regions; recognizing actual attaching positions and colors; and comparing the actual attaching positions of electrode plates, which are rightly attached in accordance with colors, with right attaching positions. According to the detection system and the detection method disclosed by the invention, the human body upper part three-dimensional model can be reconstructed by scanning an image, and the wrong connection, if any, of cardiac electric axis 6 leads can be judged, so that operating doctors, before the generation of electrocardiogram records and the printing of an electrocardiogram report, can guarantee that the cardiac electric axis 6 leads are rightly connected; therefore, the problems of collecting once again and printing once again after the generation of the electrocardiogram records can be effectively avoided. Deviation between the actual attaching positions of the cardiac electric axis 6 leads and the right attaching positions can be judged, so that a circumstance of wrong connection of the leads is avoided, and meanwhile, the re-printing of the report is also avoided; therefore, time and electrocardiogram paper are saved.