The invention discloses a method for pulling out underwater steel pipe piles for temporary projects of bridges. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, the model number of a vibration hammer and lifting equipment are selected through calculation, a transporting barge is prepared, and a complete set is formed and enters an operation area; then, the top of a steel pipe pile is leveled; the lifting equipment arrives at the operation area, an anchor is cast in place according to the length of a lifting arm and the operation radius, and meanwhile, the vibration hammer and the transporting barge are in place near the steel pipe pile; the vibration hammer is started to sink down the steel pipe pile, and then, the pile is pulled through vibration; after the steel pipe pile ascends, the lifting equipment directly pulls the pile until the steel pipe pile is separated from a mud surface; and finally, the steel pipe pile drops on the transporting barge, and the vibration hammer frees the pile to finish the pile pulling. In addition, a two-section pulling method is suitable for the steel pipe pile with the length more than 45 m; firstly the steel pipe pile is pulled out partially; then, the part of the steel pipe pile above a water surface is cut off; and finally, the remainder part of the steel pipe pile is pulled out. The method has the advantages of strong operability, low labor intensity, convenience for use, safety, environmental protection, quickening of construction progress and reduction of construction cost.