62results about How to "Improve physical and chemical structure" patented technology

The invention discloses microbial organic fertilizer having a saline-alkali soil improvement function. The microbial organic fertilizer is prepared by taking algae, straws and manure as raw materials by means of a composite microbial two-step fermentation process. The microbial organic fertilizer has functions of microbial fertilizer, organic fertilizer and algae fertilizer and is rich in algae functional active ingredient and a great amount of probiotics and capable of effectively adjusting balance of microorganisms in soil, decomposing organic or inorganic components such as organic matters, minerals and the like in the soil, eliminating caking, sanding, salting and the like of the soil caused by abused application of chemical fertilizer, effectively improving the soil, improving the stress resistance of crops and improving the productivity of crops; furthermore, the microbial organic fertilizer can promote the release of organic matters in the soil, improve the physical and chemical structure of the salted soil, improve the clustering and permeation performance of the soil, improve the fertility of the soil and improve the grain productivity increasing capacity of the saline-alkali soil and is an excellent saline-alkali soil improvement agent and crop growth accelerator.

The invention relates to the greenhouse crop planting field, in particular to compound microbes for reducing and disinfecting greenhouse soil and a soil disinfection method, and solves the problem of multiple defects in the prior art. The compound microbes comprise bacteria, actinomycetes, saccharomycetes and moulds. The soil disinfection method includes the steps of selecting June to September as a disinfection period to apply crop straws, organic fertilizer and the compound microbes on the soil after the crops are harvested; deeply plowing soil layers to form small ridges; covering ridge surfaces with plastic film, filling enough water under the film till the soil humidity achieves 100%, and sealing the mulching film and covering the greenhouse plastic film for 20 to 25 days; and uncovering the greenhouse plastic film and removing the mulching film for planting. According to the compound microbes for reducing and disinfecting greenhouse soil and the soil disinfection method, the method is non-toxic, harmless, pollution-free and residue-free, pathogenic bacteria, ova and the like in soil plough layers are killed, soil organics are increased, the soil physical and chemical structure is improved, soil fertility is improved, and good foundation is laid for improving product qualities.

The invention relates to the technical field of biological fish guano and discloses a biological composite fertilizer aqua and a production method thereof. The biological composite fertilizer aqua comprises chicken manure/cow dung, unite bran, a decomposition microbial inoculum, inorganic fertilizer, domestic fungus slag, calcium superphosphate, trace elements, soybean meal/rapeseed meal, bacillus subtilis, actinomyces and photosynthetic bacteria as raw materials. The production method comprises the following steps of carrying out mixing fermentation on chicken manure/cow dung, unite bran and a decomposition microbial inoculum to obtain thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer, fully mixing the thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and other raw materials, and carrying out secondary fermentation, drying and split charging. The biological composite fertilizer aqua is efficient, superior and eco-friendly fish guano which is obtained by combination of a plurality of beneficial microbial florae, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and is added with a plurality of medium trace elements. The production method of the biological composite fertilizer aqua is simple, has simple and easily-controllable processes and has a low cost. The biological composite fertilizer aqua has good quality, can fast improve water fertility and purify water, realizes combination of fertilizer and feed, has high comprehensive income, improves fish immunity and improves product quality.

The invention relates to a soda type saline-alkali soil modifier and a preparation method thereof. The soda type salt affected soil modifier comprises the following components in percentage by mass: inorganic acid 10-50, furfural residue 20-40, rice hull powder 10-40, fertilizer 5-10, water-retaining agent 0.1-5.0 and organic complexing agent 0.1-2.5. The furfural residue, the rice hull powder, the water-retaining agent, the fertilizer and the organic complexing agent are mixed, the inorganic acid is sprayed onto the mixture, and the mixture and the inorganic acid are mixed uniformly to obtain the soda type saline-alkali soil modifier which is suitable for modifying saline-alkali soil of which the pH value is between 8.0 and 10.5. When the modifier is used in severe saline-alkali soil, the average unit yield of corns is 3,651 kilograms per hectare which is increased by 69.3 percent; when the modifier is used in medium saline-alkali soil, the average unit yield of corns is 4,450 to 4.530 kilograms per hectare, which is increased by 57.0 to 62.8 percent; and when the modifier is used in slight saline-alkali soil, the average unit yield of corns is 5,268 kilograms per hectare which is increased by 40.3 percent.

The invention discloses a bioanalysis preparation technique of a biological organic fertilizer by chicken manure. High-efficient and green chicken mature fermenting biological organic fertilizer is developed through a mixed bacteria aerobiotic two-step fermenting technique, wherein an one-step fermenting flora comprises aspergillus, thermophilic sporotrichum, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, thermophilic heterotrophism ammonia oxidizing bacteria; a two-step aerobiotic fermenting flora comprises EM fungicide, azotobacter chroococcum, and bacillus licheniformis. The technique adopts multi-bacterium mixing fermentation; through combination of metabolic capabilities, the complex metabolism which is hard to complete by single culture is completed; through synergic fermentation between microorganisms, the chicken mature is effectively transformed, the hygienic index reaches the national standard, and the product decomposition and growth promoting index are significantly promoted. The fermenting technique is simple and high-efficient, the deodorization and sterilizing effects are good; besides, the production cost is low, and the technique is easy to carry out industrial scale production.

The invention discloses a method for preparing liquid fertilizer for saline and alkaline land irrigation from biogas slurry. The comprehensive utilization value of the biogas slurry is remarkably improved through a three-time anaerobic fermentation process, high-valued and innocent treatment and resource utilization of the biogas slurry are achieved, the biogas slurry is used for agricultural development of saline and alkaline land, and the grain yield increase capacity of the saline and alkaline land is improved. The liquid fertilized prepared through the technology has a slight tart flavor, has no stink smell, and contains rich nutrient elements, amino acid, humic acid, auxin, hydrolase, vitamin, probiotics and other bioactive substances, wherein the index of the content of microorganisms reaches 109,000,000,000/mL, and the pH ranges from 6.0 to 6.5. When the liquid fertilizer is applied to improvement in the saline and alkaline land, the physical and chemical structure of salinity soil can be remarkably improved, soil aggregate is increased, soil permeability is improved, soil fecundity is improved, and the grain yield increase capacity of the saline and alkaline land is improved. The liquid fertilizer is an excellent soil modifier and an excellent crop growth accelerant and is ideal fertilizer for saline and alkaline region soil improvement for grain yield increase.

The invention discloses pillared modified kieselguhr for adsorbing Pb<2+> and/or Cd<2+> and a preparation method and application of pillared modified kieselguhr. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing pillaring liquid at a certain molar concentration according to requirements; allowing the prepared pillaring liquid to react with purified kieselguhr in a molar mass ratio of [Al] to kieselguhr of (10-15 mmol/g):1 at the temperature of between 60 and 80 DEG C for 120 to 180 minutes, putting the mixture into a drying oven, and activating at the temperature of between 105 and 120 DEG C for 16 to 18 hours to obtain polyhydroxy aluminum pillared modified kieselguhr. Compared with the conventional kieselguhr modifying method of washing, acid washing, roasting, microwaves and the like, the preparation method for the pillared modified kieselguhr has the advantages that the adsorption performance of the kieselguhr on Pb<2+> and Cd<2+> can be improved obviously; the adsorption capacity of the modified kieselguhr on Pb<2+> and Cd<2+> is improved by 31.1 percent and 45.7 percent respectively compared with kieselguhr raw ores; a process is simple and low in energy consumption; and effluent generated in the acid-washing process can be used as wastewater for treating a flocculating agent, and secondary pollution is avoided.

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer capable of disinfecting soil. The organic fertilizer contains abundant trichoderma viride, flowing actinomycetes, agrobacterium, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas putida and other biological control bactericides as well as biological fumigant rapeseed meal and the like. After application of the organic fertilizer, pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematode and other pests causing plant soil-borne diseases can be removed, the soil-borne disease problem can be solved quickly, safely and efficiently, and a healthy soil environment is provided for continuous cropping of vegetables. The organic fertilizer has the effects of bio-fertilizer, organic fertilizer and seaweed fertilizer, contains a large quantity of probiotics and seaweed functional active ingredients and can effectively regulate balance of microorganisms in the soil, decompose organic matter, mineral substances and other organic or inorganic ingredients in the soil, promote release of the organic matter in the soil, improve the physicochemical structure of the soil, increase soil aggregates, enhance permeability, improve the fertility of the soil and boost production capacity.

The invention discloses a novel process for processing chicken manure through aerobic fermentation. A high-efficiency, green chicken manure fermented bio-organic fertilizer is developed by using a rapid fermentation process of mixed bacteria solids. The compound microbial agents include bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, aspergillus niger and the like. The process adopts multi-bacterium mixed fermentation, through the combination of different metabolic abilities, the complex metabolic effects that are difficult to complete by a single strain can be completed, through the synergistic fermentation between microorganisms, the effective conversion of chicken manure is realized, the health indexes meet the national standards, and the product maturity and growth promotion indexes are significantly improved. The fermentation process is simple and efficient, has good deodorizing and sterilizing effect, has low production cost, andis easy for industrial large-scale production.

The invention relates to a method for planting one-year-two-harvest brassica napus spring rapes in northeast China, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural plantation. The method comprises the following steps: a, sowing double-low early-maturing brassica napus spring rapes in spring: a.1, preparing land and applying base fertilizer before winter in the first year; a.2, when earth surface is defrosted for 5-7 cm in the middle of March in the next year, sowing double-lowearly-maturing type spring rape seeds; a.3, managing fields; a.4, when 80% of rape capsules turn yellow, or when top particles enter a milky ripe period, harvesting; b. sowing double-low mid-maturing brassica napus spring rapes: b.1, after harvest of the spring sowed double-low early-maturing brassica napus spring rapes of step a, preparing land and applying base fertilizer; b.2, sowing double-low mid-maturing brassica napus spring rape seeds in late June of the next year; b.3, managing fields; b.4, when 80% of rape capsules turn yellow, or when top particles enter a milky ripe period, harvesting. Beneficial effects of the method are that a planting method of one-year-one-harvest becomes one-year-two-harvest.

The present invention discloses a remediation agent dedicated to vegetable soil and a remediation method. The remediation agent is characterized in that: the remediation agent is solid granules or a powder consisting of 36-50% of a fermentation inoculant comprising beneficial microorganisms, 31-50% of a zeolite powder, 10-15% of a cake powder, 1.5-2.5% of humic acid and 1.5-2.5% of brown sugar; and the living bacteria count of the remediation agent is not less than 200 million/g, the total nutrient (N+P205+K20) content is not less than 6%, the EC value is 1.2-1.4 ms/cm, the pH value is 5.5-6.5, and the water content is not more than 35%. The remediation method provided by the present invention uses the soil remediation agent and chemical fertilizer mixed hole fertilization, wherein the amount of conventional base fertilizers for vegetables per hole is reduced by 1/2-2/3, the remediation agent and the chemical fertilizer are mixed to be used as a base fertilizer in the way that 2 g of the remediation agent is used in solanaceous vegetables per hole, and 3-5 g of the remediation agent is used in melon and fruit vegetables per hole, the mixture of the chemical fertilizer and the remediation agent should be prevented from being too close to roots of vegetable seedlings, roots of vegetable shall can not be in contact with fertilizers, and vegetables are fully watered or irrigated after transplantation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge treatment, in particular to a method for preparing activated carbon by utilizing sludge. The method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, dipping after sludge and potassium-containing activating agent are mixed uniformly; S2, drying, crushing and screening the dipped mixture of the sludge and the potassium-containing activating agent; S3, performing a pyrolytic activation reaction on the screened mixture to obtain activated sludge coke, and cooling the activated sludge coke obtained after the reaction is ended to room temperature; S4, washing the cooled activated sludge coke by using wood vinegar liquid, and collecting the wood vinegar liquid after washing; S5, washing the activated sludge coke which is washed by using the wood vinegar liquid with water to obtain sludge activated carbon. According to the method, the sludge activated carbon which has good adsorption performance can be prepared; the corrosion of an activating agent to equipment can be reduced; the recycling of potassium acetate can be realized; the pollution to environment can be reduced; moreover, the overall process also has the advantages of high efficiency, high quality, low cost, no toxicity, convenience in operation and control and the like.

The invention discloses a bioorganic fertilizer for effectively preventing a bitter pit disease of apples. The bioorganic fertilizer is rich in calcium amino acid chelate and bone meal and the like, can meet the calcium need of the apples in the whole growth process, can effectively prevent the bitter pit disease of the apples, has the effects of a biological fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and a seaweed fertilizer, contains a large number of probiotics and functional active ingredients of seaweeds, and can effectively regulate the balance of microorganisms in soil, decompose organic matter, minerals and other inorganic and organic ingredients in the soil, promote release of the organic matter in the soil, improve the physical and chemical structures of the soil, increase the soil aggregate and permeability and improve the soil fertility and the yield of apples, the yield of apples is up to 13.8%, the inorganic fertilizer can be decreased by above 20-30%, the input-output ratio is higher than 30:1. The bioorganic fertilizer is low in cost and facilitates industrialized production and large-scale application.

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer for preventing soft rot disease of orchids prepared by using traditional Chinese medicine residues as a raw material and a method of preparation. The organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: enzyme extraction of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, and compost treatment is carried out; the traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of herb residues of isatis root, 8-12 parts of herb residues of dandelion, 3-6 parts of herb residues of coptis roots, 3-6 parts of herb residues of scutellaria roots, 5-10 parts of herb residues of purslane herbs, and 5-10 parts of herb residues of pulsatilla roots. The traditional Chinese medicine residues are changed from waste into valuables, organic fertilizer can effectively improve physical and chemical structures of soil, supplement various organic and mineral nutrition for soil, optimize soil microbial community structure of soil, promote growth of plants, and control soft rot diseases of orchids.

The invention provides a compound microorganism fertilizer with a high nutrition content, and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of plant fertilizer. The compound microorganism fertilizer with the high nutrition content is prepared from the following raw materials: saccharomycetes, acetic bacteria, yield improvement bacteria, potassium humate, bacillus licheniformis,trichoderma koningii, bacillus megatherium, furfural residue, waste sugar solution, wheat bran, amino acid, microelement, nitramine phosphorus, urea sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate, monopotassiumphosphate, potassium fulvic acid and magnesium citrate. According to the compound microorganism fertilizer with the high nutrition content, no environment pollution is caused, crop growth can be accelerated, crop quality is improved, the biological activity of soil can be improved, the substance circulation of a soil ecological system is accelerated, harmful cultures in soil can be effectively prevented from breeding, organic nutriments are provided, the physical and chemical structure of the soil is improved, and the contents of nutrition substances in the soil are improved.

The invention discloses a disease prevention planting method of strawberries, and relates to the technical field of planting. The planting method comprises the steps of furrowing and ridging; interplanting the strawberries, herba houttuyniae, trefoil and fragrant-flowered garlic; carrying out nutrient and water management; carrying out crop rotation on the strawberries, the herba houttuyniae, thetrefoil and the fragrant-flowered garlic. During interplanting, the strawberries, the herba houttuyniae and the trefoil are planted on a ridge, the fragrant-flowered garlic is planted in a furrow, thestrawberries are independently planted on the same ridge, the herba houttuyniae and the trefoil are mixed-planted on the same ridge, and the ridge for planting the strawberries is located between theridge for planting the herba houttuyniae and the trefoil; during crop rotation, after planting 2 to 3 years, the herba houttuyniae and the trefoil are planted on the original ridge for planting the strawberries, and the strawberries are planted on the original ridge for planting the herba houttuyniae and the trefoil. According to the disease prevention planting method of the strawberries providedby the invention, the occurrence of disease and insect of the strawberries can be reduced, the successive cropping obstacle is overcome, and the yield is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to oligosaccharide organic peptide fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The oligosaccharide organic peptide fertilizer disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials: a seaweed fermentation liquor, a chitosan enzymatic hydrolysate and a fermented bean dreg liquorin a mass ratio of (3 to 4) to (1 to 2) to (6 to 6.5). Seaweed fermentation liquor, chitosan enzymatic hydrolysate and fermented bean dreg liquor are introduced into a constant-temperature fermentation tank in proportion, pseudomonas fluorescens, cane sugar and monopotassium phosphate are added, and the oligosaccharide organic peptide fertilizer is prepared through fermentation. The oligosaccharide organic peptide fertilizer contains a large number of beneficial microorganisms and organics, and the organics generate a large number of organic matters and organic acids in the decomposition process of the microorganisms, so that the physicochemical properties of salinized soil can be improved, the activity of the microorganisms can be improved, the fertility of the soil can be enhanced, andthe oligosaccharide organic peptide fertilizer plays a positive role in improving the salinized soil.

The invention discloses an improving agent of soil polluted by Si/Fe composite cadmium and a preparation and application method of the improving agent. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) mixing Fe(NO3)3 and NaOH solution to prepare a modifier; (2) taking purified diatomite and a modifier solution, uniformly mixing, and stirring to form a muddy state; (3) baking a mixture to obtain the improving agent of the soil polluted by the Si/Fe composite cadmium. The improving agent disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that after the improving agent is applied into the soil polluted by cadmium according to applying amount, the content of exchangeable cadmium in the soil can be reduced by 37.5%, the water content is increased by 58.2%, and organic matters and a pHvalue are not greatly changed; the cadmium pollution to the soil can be effectively controlled, meanwhile the stability of basic physicochemical properties such as the pH value and organic matters ofthe soil can be maintained, the raw materials are low-cost and easy to obtain, the process is simple, the cost is lower, and no secondary pollution is caused.

The invention discloses a carbon-based compound fertilizer with a high potassium utilization rate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: according to nutrient requirements of flue-cured tobacco, preparing a base fertilizer according to a scientific and reasonable proportioning method; preparing a carbon-based compound fertilizer according to a ratio 7:3 of the base fertilizer to biomass charcoal, mixing into an organic adhesive prepared from 2.5% of sodium alga acid, chitosan or wood vinegar, fully and uniformly mixing, and taking out the mixture; preparing spherical particles with the particle size of less than 6mm from the mixture by using a granulator, and drying at a low temperature, thereby obtaining the carbon-based compound fertilizer. The carbon-based compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the advantages that (1) the nutrition is comprehensive and rich, one-time topdressing is performed in the uncovered ridging period during flue-cured tobacco cultivation, the operation is convenient, and the yield and output value of the flue-cured tobacco and the ratio between medium and high-grade tobacco leaves can be obviously improved; (2) the release rate of potassium in the fertilizer in soil is retarded, the effectiveness of the potassium is improved, and the potassium content in the tobacco leaves, potassium accumulation in the flue-cured tobacco and the potassium utilization rate in the flue-cured tobacco fertilizer are obviously improved; and (3) the carbon-based compound fertilizer is readily available in raw materials, environment-friendly and safe.

The invention provides a method for putting up simple double-spore mushroom culture rooms on deep-groove improved saline and alkaline land. In order to put up the double-spore mushroom culture rooms, deep-groove zonal land preparation is carried out on the saline and alkaline land first; straw curtains are vertically spread on four walls of a groove and two sides of an operation channel; two layers of corn straw, cow dung, corn straw and alfisol layers are laid on the bottom of the groove to ground surface, and then are irrigated with saline-alkaline reducing agents; four walls of each culture room are built by use of wall building blocks; partition walls are set up on the long side of each rectangular culture room; shed frames are laid between the partition walls; each culture room is provided with a front door, a back door and two side doors; the roof of each culture room is constructed by use of straw; a drainage ditch is arranged between the adjacent culture rooms; a reservoir is arranged beside the groove; mushroom culture materials are applied on a ground bed and the shed frames for planting; and after a double-spore mushroom planting cycle is over, the waste wall building blocks, the straw and mushroom culture materials are mixed to backfill the ground surface so as to improve the saline and alkaline land.

The invention discloses a premature senility-preventing special fertilizer for a muskmelon. The special fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 44 to 48 parts of rice chaff ash, 13 to 16 parts of bean curd residues, 4 to 5 parts of nanometer attapulgite clay, 2 to 3 parts of sodium molybdate, 6 to 7 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 to 3 parts of raw apple vinegar, 1.2 to 1.3 parts of selenomethionine, 34 to 36 parts of blue algae, 28 to 30 parts of corn straw, 1 to 2 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride, a proper amount of sodium carbonate, a proper amount of a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 5% and a proper amount of water. According to the invention, on one hand, the nanometer attapulgite clay and the like are used so as to improve the physical and chemical structure of planting soil, enhance soil permeability and facilitate deepening of the roots of the muskmelon, so a strong root system is formed; and on the other hand, rich and comprehensive nutrients in the fertilizer can guarantee long-term supply of organic nutrients after coating, so the muskmelon has improved capability in producing organic nutrients, and thus, premature senility of the muskmelon is prevented.

A method for preventing and controlling salinization of planting soil in a sunlight greenhouse mainly comprises the steps of harvesting, ditching, film covering, filling, bacterium mixing, watering, ridging, fermentation, turning, material spraying, tillage and the like. The planting soil is wide in raw material source, low in cost, simple in process and environmentally friendly; the soil is good in air permeability and water permeability after the planting soil is used, and the good water retention and moisture preservation capacity is achieved; the planting soil has the effects of organic fertilizer and salinization retarding and has rich natural organic nutritional ingredients and a large amount of probiotics; the planting soil can break soil hardening, effectively regulate balance of microorganisms in soil, eliminate the phenomena of soil salinization and the like caused by dependence on abuse of chemical fertilizers all year round, enhance soil water and fertilizer seepage force, improve crop stress resistance and yield, and improve the yield of crops; therefore, the planting soil is an excellent saline-alkali modifier for the soil in the planting area.