The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement and particularly relates to an ecological soil conditioner for improving saline and alkaline land soil and a preparation method. The ecological soil conditioner is prepared from, by weight, 30-80 parts of industrial residues, 20-40 parts of sulfonated humic acid, 10-20 parts of pyroligneous solution, 10-30 parts of nano-filler, 5-15 parts of pH-sensitive hydrogel, 1-5 parts of water-soluble starch, 1-5 parts of cyclodextrin, 1-5 parts of medium trace elements and 0.5-3 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract. The soil conditioner is environmentally friendly and safe, the application method is simple and easy to implement, the soil conditioner can be applied along with fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is increased, nutrient elements can be released along with pH changes of the soil environment, a certain slow release effect is achieved, the utilization rate of the soil conditioner is greatly increased, cost is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the status quo of the saline and alkaline land soil can be improved, the organic matter content of the soil can be increased, and diseases and pests of the soil can be reduced.