The invention relates to a selenium-rich chitosan nutritional microbial fertilizer. The selenium-rich chitosan nutritional microbial fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: sodium selenite, chitosan hydrolysate, compound trace elements, monopotassium phosphate, urea, peptone, yeast powder, NaCl, NaOH, NaNO3, NaCl, NH4Cl, K2HPO4, a beef extract, glucose, starch, calcium carbonate, amino acid, potassium nitrate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, trisodium citrate, biochemical enzymes and a mixed bacterium liquid. Due to addition of the chitosan, the viable count of a microbial agent can be kept; the efficacy of the chitosan for keeping the viable count is put into an effective play; due to addition of the chitosan, the amount of bacteria of the microbial agent can reach 20,000,000,000/mL; due to addition of the chitosan to a bacterial manure, the yield of commercial crops can also be increased by 10%-15%; and the nutritional microbial fertilizer has the efficacies of keeping moisture and slowly releasing fertilizer efficiency.