The invention discloses a brake shoe vertical machining clamp. The brake shoe vertical machining clamp comprises a base, the base is in an arch shape, the top of the arch shape is provided with a flat rectangular clamping area, four centrosymmetric outer circle positioning blocks are fixedly arranged at the four corners of the clamping area, two supporting blocks are fixedly arranged on the inner sides of the outer circle positioning blocks, the two supporting blocks are mutually symmetrical, a shoe positioning space is formed between the supporting blocks and the outer circle positioning blocks located on the outer sides of the corresponding supporting blocks, a pressing mechanism is fixedly arranged in the center of the base to press the brake shoe, and auxiliary positioning blocks are symmetrically arranged at the positions, located on the outer sides of the supporting blocks, of the clamping area. The brake shoe vertical machining clamp is simple in structure and convenient to operate, paired positioning machining can be conducted on brake shoes, positioning is simple and reliable, machining is completed after one-time alignment clamping, and the working efficiency is improved.