The present invention belongs to the technical fields of
cell engineering and
biochemical detection, and particularly relates to a structurally complete
red blood cell membrane, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. The present invention lyses red blood cells by defining the components of a release solution, with mild conditions, which can release
protein components such as
hemoglobin inside the red blood cells, remove their
cell attributes, retain the integrity of their internal skeleton structure and the activity of
membrane surface antigens, and while maintaining the complete structure of the
red blood cell membrane, retain the key
blood group antigens on its surface, avoiding the problem of reduced
antigenicity caused by fragmentation of the
red blood cell membrane. After lysing the red blood cells, nanoparticles are conjugated to the surface of the red
blood cell membrane, enabling the
agglutination reaction of the red
blood cell membrane induced by antibodies to be visualized. Using a fixed procedure to preserve the engineered red
blood cell biomembrane can effectively avoid damage to the engineered red blood
cell biomembrane by
ice crystals, ensure that the
antigenicity of the membrane is not affected, and can be stored at
room temperature for a long time, with the
shelf life extended to two years or more.