The invention discloses a robot obstacle avoidance behavior learning and target searching method based on a deep belief network. The robot obstacle avoidance behavior learning and target searching method based on a deep belief network includes the steps: controlling a robot to realize obstacle avoidance in the environment, acquiring the color, the deep image data, and the linear velocity and the angular velocity corresponding to a mobile matrix of the robot at the same time, and based on the data, constructing a network model of implementing automatic obstacle avoidance behavior learning of the robot; during the automatic target searching process of the robot, randomly searching the target in the environment through the automatic obstacle avoidance function, and once searching the target,directly approaching the target, wherein if the obstacle appears during the approaching process, the robot can avoid from the obstacle and perform path planning again, and if the target is lost duringthe approaching process, the robot randomly searches again; and continuously repeating the above process until the robot arrives at the target position. The robot obstacle avoidance behavior learningand target searching method based on a deep belief network only uses a single RGB-D camera to realize path planning and target searching with the automatic obstacle avoidance function, and has higherfeasibility and practicality in the cost aspect and the application aspect.