The invention discloses a method for screening detected food allergens rapidly and efficiently. Sixteen common allergen ingredients including eggs, milk, peanuts, buckwheat, cashew nuts, pistachio nuts, walnuts, carrots, filbert, almonds, wheat, soybeans, sesame, shrimps and crabs, fish and celery in life are screened and detected simultaneously according to the method. The method includes the steps of extracting DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from a sample, subjecting the DNA of the sample to PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification detection, screening and detecting the sixteen allergen ingredients simultaneously by single reaction tube through multiple channels of a PCR instrument at a time, and determining the allergen ingredients after two turns of PCR. The method has the advantages that multiple kinds of allergens are screened and detected rapidly at a time, so that a great amount of time can be saved, reagent consumption can be reduced and cost can be lowered.