The invention discloses a laser scanning super-resolution microscopic imaging device, method and equipment based on a multi-signal classification algorithm, and a storage medium, belongs to the technical field of optical precision measurement, and aims to solve the problem that the transverse resolution of a confocal microscopic technology is difficult to improve. Comprising a laser light source, and a collimator objective, a scanning galvanometer, a telecentric scanning lens, a tube lens, a dichroscope, an objective lens, a fluorescence sample, an optical filter, a collection lens and a CCD camera are sequentially arranged in the light propagation direction of the laser light source. A CCD camera is used for collecting low-resolution image sequences generated in the random flickering process of a sample in different scanning focusing light spot illumination areas, a multi-signal classification algorithm is used for reconstructing the low-resolution image sequence of each scanning position, reconstruction results corresponding to all the scanning positions are spliced, and a high-resolution image is obtained. And the transverse resolution of the confocal microscopy technology can be effectively improved.