The invention provides a modulation transfer function test system based on a CCD camera image intensifier. The test system is formed by a hardware module and a software module. The hardware module comprises a target light source system, an image acquisition system, a CCD shift system, an industrial personal computer and other sub systems. The software module comprises an image acquisition module, a motor control module, an MTF calculation module, a file management module and other sub modules. The collected image information is subjected to clarity judgment, if the image is fuzzy, a CCD camera is controlled through the CCD shift system to move front and back to realize focusing, thus the collected image becomes clearest, at that time the industrial personal computer processes clear image information, the calculation of a modulation transfer function is realized by the MTF calculation module, and through the file management module, a calculated modulation transfer function value is stored. According to the system, the control process is simple, the stability is good, the image can be focused automatically, and the system can be used for the detection of the modulation transfer functions of other photoelectric systems.