Systems and methods for aromatic macrocyclic compounds (Phthalocyanines) as
cathode additives for inhibition of
transition metal dissolution and stable
solid electrolyte interphase formation may include an
anode, an
electrolyte, and a
cathode, where the
cathode comprises an active material and a
phthalocyanine additive, the additive being coordinated with different
metal cationic center and functional groups. The active material may comprise one or more of:
nickel cobalt aluminum
oxide,
nickel cobalt manganese oxide,
lithium iron phosphate,
lithium cobalt oxide, and
lithium manganese oxide, Ni-rich layered oxides LiNi1-xMxO2 where M=Co, Mn, or Al, Li-rich xLi2MnO3(1-x)LiNiaCobMncO2, Li-rich layered oxides LiNi1+xM1−xO2 where M=Co, Mn, or Ni, and
spinel oxides LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. The
phthalocyanine additive may include one or more of: cobalt hexadecafluoro
phthalocyanine (Co-Pc-F),
dilithium phthalocyanine (Li-Pc), cobalt(II) phthalocyanine,
nickel(II) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt,
titanium(IV) phthalocyanine dichloride,
manganese(II) phthalocyanine,
zinc phthalocyanine, aluminum phthalocyanine
chloride, Iron(II) phthalocyanine, and
silicon phthalocyanine dichloride.