648results about "Delay lines" patented technology

Improved approaches to flexibly implementing graphic equalizers on media players are disclosed. These approaches provide dynamic order reduction of a multi-band graphic equalizer so that equalizer effects can be timely performed with only limited computational resources. In one embodiment, a media player receives a media item and associated equalizer settings for a multi-band graphic equalizer. The media player can then automatically (i.e., without user action) approximate the multi-band graphic equalizer with the equalizer settings for the media item using a fewer number of filters. Fewer filters means order reduction, and thus reduction in computational requirements. After the multi-band graphic equalizer is approximated, the media player can present the media item to its user in accordance with the reduced complexity, approximated equalizer.

An improved E-field generator including a slow-wave transmission line structure is provided herein. In some cases, the improved E-field generator may include an inductively-loaded slow-wave transmission line structure driven by a power source at one end of the structure and terminated by a load at the other end of the structure. In other cases, the improved E-field generator may include a capacitively-loaded slow-wave transmission line structure. In either case, the improved E-field generator provides a frequency-independent, significantly increased electric field at a distance spaced from the generator without altering the dimensions of the generator and/or the input power supplied to the generator. The increase in generated field intensity is achieved by decreasing the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave propagating along the parallel elements of the generator.

RF and microwave radiation directing or controlling components are provided that may be monolithic, that may be formed from a plurality of electrodeposition operations and/or from a plurality of deposited layers of material, that may include switches, inductors, antennae, transmission lines, filters, and/or other active or passive components. Components may include non-radiation-entry and non-radiation-exit channels that are useful in separating sacrificial materials from structural materials. Preferred formation processes use electrochemical fabrication techniques (e.g. including selective depositions, bulk depositions, etching operations and planarization operations) and post-deposition processes (e.g. selective etching operations and/or back filling operations).

Coaxial and twisted pair conductive yarn structures reduce signal crosstalk between adjacent lines in woven electrical networks. A coaxial conductive yarn structure includes an inner conductive yarn having a plurality of conductive strands twisted together. An outer conductive yarn is wrapped around the inner conductive yarn. An insulating layer separates the inner and outer yarns. A twisted pair conductive yarn structure includes first and second conductive yarns, each including a plurality of conductive strands being twisted together. The first and second conductive yarns are twisted together to form a helical structure. In a woven electrical network, at least one conductor of adjacent conductive yarn structures is connected to ground to reduce signal crosstalk. Coaxial and twisted pair yarn structures may also be formed simultaneously with weaving or knitting the threads that make up the structures into a fabric.

Adaptive equalization methods and adaptive equalizers used with precoded systems dominated by intersymbol interference (ISI) monitor the output of a DFE and compare it to a reference for updating a precoder in response to the comparison. To accomplish this, an adaptive equalizer includes a feed forward equalizer receiving a signal from a communication channel, the feed forward equalizer equalizing variations in pre-cursor intersymbol interference resulting from changes in characteristics of the channel and providing an output signal to an error correction decoder, a decision circuit, coupled to the feed forward equalizer, for generating error vectors in response to the output signal of the feed forward equalizer and a decision feedback equalizer, coupled to the decision circuit, the decision feedback equalizer monitoring the pre-cursor intersymbol interference of the channel, determining when the transmitter coefficients to the precoder warrant updating, and generating a signal indicating that an update to the transmitter coefficients to the precoder is warranted. The adaptive equalizer farther includes a comparison circuit, the comparison circuit receiving an output from the decision feedback equalizer and comparing the output from the decision feedback equalizer to a reference, the comparison circuit generating the signal indicating that an update to the transmitter coefficients to the precoder is warranted in response to the comparison.

An electronically scanned slotted waveguide antenna radiates an RF signal as a scannable beam. The antenna has radiation waveguides positioned in an array. Radiation slots in the radiation waveguides radiate the scannable beam. A feed waveguide is coupled to the radiation waveguides. The feed waveguide feeds the RF signal to the radiation waveguides through coupling slots. The feed waveguide has sidewalls with tunable electromagnetic crystal (EMXT) structures thereon. The EMXT structures vary the phase of the RF signal in the feed waveguide to scan the radiated beam in one dimension. The radiation waveguides may also have tunable EMXT structures on the sidewalls to vary the phase of the RF signal to scan the radiated beam in a second dimension. The EMXT structures may be discrete EMXT devices or a EMXT material layer covering the feed and radiation waveguide sidewalls.

An improved radio-frequency phase shift assembly includes at least one further stripline section arranged concentrically with respect to a first stripline section. Further connection lines are provided, via which an electrical connection is produced at least indirectly from the feed line to the respective tapping section associated with a stripline section. Two different pairs of antenna radiating elements can be driven with different phase angles (Φ) at mutually offset tapping points on the at least two stripline sections. The plurality of connection lines are mechanically connected to one another.

An equalizer bank with interference reduction is disclosed. The equalizer bank with interference reduction comprises a front-shelving filter, a plurality of peak filters, a rear-shelving filter and a plurality of compensators. The center frequency and the quality factor of each compensator are designed intentionally to be identical to those of the corresponding peak filter. When a user selects a specific gain level, the corresponding parameters that determine the peak filter and the compensator are retrieved directly and a complex calculation is skipped. Therefore, an audio signal can be equalized more efficiently with lower hardware cost.

A transmission line phase shifter ideally suited for use in low-cost, steerable, phased array antennas suitable for use in wireless fidelity (WiFi) and other wireless telecommunication networks, in particular multi-hop ad hoc networks, is disclosed. The transmission line phase shifter includes a wire transmission line, such as a coaxial, stripline, microstrip, or coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. A high-permittivity dielectric element that overlies the signal conductor of the wire transmission line is used to control phase shifting. Phase shifting can be electromechanically controlled by controlling the space between the high-permittivity dielectric element and the signal conductor of the wire transmission line or by electrically controlling the permittivity of the high-permittivity dielectric element.

Systems and methods are provided that facilitate the formation of micro-mechanical structures and related systems on a laminated substrate. More particularly, a micro-mechanical device and a three-dimensional multiple frequency antenna are provided for in which the micro-mechanical device and antenna, as well as additional components, can be fabricated together concurrently on the same laminated substrate. The fabrication process includes a low temperature deposition process allowing for deposition of an insulator material at a temperature below the maximum operating temperature of the laminated substrate, as well as a planarization process allowing for the molding and planarizing of a polymer layer to be used as a form for a micro-mechanical device.

A nanoparticle-enhanced liquid crystal phase shifter is provided including a first substrate layer, a plurality of electrodes attached to the substrate layer, a ground plane layer attached to a second substrate layer, and a liquid crystal layer between the ground plane layer and the first substrate layer, including a suspension of a liquid crystal material and highly polarizable nanoparticles having specific shape and size characteristics.

A circuit board for wireless communications includes communication circuitry for modulating and/or demodulating a radio frequency (RF) signal and an antenna apparatus for transmitting and receiving the RF signal, the antenna apparatus having selectable antenna elements located near one or more peripheries of the circuit board and selectable phase shifting. A switching network couples one or more of the selectable elements to the communication circuitry and provides impedance matching regardless of which or how many of the antenna elements are selected, and includes a selectable phase shifter to allow the phase of the antenna elements to be shifted by 180 degrees. The phase shifter includes a first RF switch and two ¼-wavelength delay lines of PCB traces or delay elements and a second RF switch. The phase shifter selectively provides a straight-through path, a 180 degree phase shift, a high impedance state, or a notch filter.

An equalizer provided in a digital transmitter compensates for attenuation in a signal channel to a digital receiver. The equalizer generates signal levels as a logical function of bit history to emphasize transition signal levels relative to repeated signal levels. The preferred equalizer includes an FIR transition filter using a look-up table. Parallel circuits including FIR filters and digital-to-analog converters provide a high speed equalizer with lower speed circuitry. The equalizer is particularly suited to in-cabinet and local area network transmissions where feedback circuitry facilitates adaptive training of the equalizer.

A wiper-type phase shifter with a cantilever shoe that ensures that the electrical contact on the wiper arm remains in electrical communication with the transmission trace located on the antenna backplane without relying to an element, such as a spring-loaded set screw, that passes through the backplane. The cantilever shoe thus provides a wiper hold-down mechanism without requiring holes or slots through the backplane, which could allow rain or other elements to get inside the antenna enclosure. A dual-polarization antenna that includes a wiper-type phase shifter for each polarization. The wiper arms define gear portions that engage each other, which allows a single actuator, typically located on the rear of the backplane opposite the location of the wiper arms, to drive both wiper arms in a coordinated manner. The antenna is suitable for use as a wireless base station antenna.

A phased array antenna is formed from an array of apertures having walls containing phase shifter devices for phase shifting and beam steering a radiated beam of the phased array antenna. The phase shifter devices are interconnected with an interconnect structure formed from substrate slats that form the walls of the apertures. The substrate slats may be thin film circuitized column slats having a metal substrate, dielectric layers, metal bias/control circuitry, a shielding layer, and circuit terminations to connect to a phase shifter device attached to the substrate slat.