The invention discloses a ball valve upstream and downstream seal control method and a control system. According to the method, each of an overhaul seal entering cavity pipeline, an overhaul seal exiting cavity pipeline, a working seal entering cavity pipeline and a working seal exiting cavity pipeline located between a ball valve pressure oil tank and a seal control cabinet is provided with a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve; and during regular check and defect elimination of a unit, the seal control cabinet is manually shielded through closing the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve. The control system comprises the ball valve pressure oil tank, the seal control cabinet, the overhaul seal entering cavity pipeline, the overhaul seal exiting cavity pipeline, the working seal entering cavity pipeline and the working seal exiting cavity pipeline, and each pipeline is provided with the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve. When being used for overhauling the unit, the ball valve ball valve upstream and downstream seal control method and the control system not only can be used for improving the safety, but also have the advantages of high overhaul efficiency, short unit exiting time, low manpower cost and high generating capacity.