67results about How to "Avoid probability" patented technology

Methods for determining at least two pre-computed paths to a destination in a communications network are provided. The two paths are maximally disjoint. Maximally disjoint paths are paths where the number of links or nodes common to the two paths is minimized. This minimization is given a priority over other path considerations, such as bandwidth or cost metrics. By pre-computing a maximally disjoint pair of paths, the probability that an inoperable link or node is in both paths is minimized. The probability that the inoperable link or node blocks a transfer of data is minimized. Additionally, a pair of maximally disjoint paths is determined even if absolutely disjoint paths are not possible. The communications network may include at least four nodes, and maximally disjoint pairs of paths are pre-computed from each node to each other node. A third path from each node to each other node may also be computed as a function of bandwidth or a cost metric. Therefore, the advantages of the maximally disjoint pair of paths are provided as discussed above and a path associated with a higher bandwidth or lower cost is provided to more likely satisfy the user requirements of a data transfer.

An electric tool comprises a removable battery pack 2 as a power supply, a motor M as a power source, a drive unit being driven by said motor, a switch SW as an operation input unit, and a control circuit CPU controlling the driving of said motor according to the operation of said switch. The electric tool further comprises a power supply connection unit that enables a plurality of battery pack types, which have different rated output voltages, to be selectively connected, and an identification means that identifies the type of said battery pack that has been connected. Said control circuit is configured to control an output of said motor based on identification information for the type of said battery pack that has been connected, provided by said identification means.

A switch device includes: an operating portion made of a synthetic resin and having a conductive plating layer formed thereon, the operating portion configured to be inserted into a hole formed on a housing of an apparatus; and a shielding portion made of a synthetic resin and having no conducive plating layer formed thereon, the shielding portion formed separately from the operating portion and covers a gap between the operating portion and the hole from an inner side of the housing. The shielding portion is provided to push a tact of a switch provided at a rear side of the shielding portion when the shielding portion is displaced by a pushing operation of the operating portion. The operating portion is fixed to the shielding portion in a state in which the plating layer thereof being not exposed to the rear side of the shielding portion.

Disclosed is a measuring apparatus for a physical phenomenon by photoexcitation, in particular a delay time modulated and time-resolved, scanning probe microscope apparatus providing an ultimate resolution both temporal and spatial. The apparatus comprises an ultrashort laser pulse generator (2); a delay time modulating circuit (6) which splits an ultrashort laser pulse (3) produced by the ultrashort laser pulse generator (2) into two and which also modulates a delay time td between the two ultrashort laser pulses (4 and 5) with a frequency (ω); a scanning probe microscope (7); and a lock-in detection unit (8) which performs lock-in detection with the delay time modulation frequency (ω) of a probe signal (11) from the scanning probe microscope (7). It can detect the delay time dependency of the probe signal (11) as its differential coefficient to the delay time, with no substantial influence from fluctuations in the intensity of ultrashort laser pulses (3) while preventing the probe apex (19) from thermal expansion and shrinkage by repeated irradiation with ultrashort laser pulses (3). A photoexcited physical phenomenon dependent on a delay time between ultrashort laser pulses can thus be measured at a temporal resolution in the order of femtoseconds and at a spatial resolution in the order of angstroms.

An exhaust gas throttle valve disposed in the exhaust system of an engine, wherein the center axis of rotation of a valve shaft 5 is set at a position deviated from the center axis of the exhaust gas passage, and two recessed portions 11 are symmetrically formed in the circumferential portion of a valve body 4 by cutting the surface thereof. The positions where the recessed portions 11 are formed are on the side of the center axis of the exhaust gas passage beyond the center axis 12 of rotation, and at where the peripheral portion of the valve body 4 faces the edge portions 9 where insertion holes 8 for the valve shaft 5 are opened in the exhaust gas passage. At these positions, the distance is a minimum between the peripheral portion of the valve body 4 and the edge portions 9. The recessed portions 11 work to increase the gap relative to the edge portions 9 at that positions. It is therefore made possible to approximate the peripheral portion of the valve body 4 to the tubular wall of the exhaust gas passage 2 when the exhaust gas throttle valve is closed preventing the valve body 4 and the edge portions 9 from coming in contact together despite of the thermal expansion.

A method for determining a search space includes determining the number of downlink control information bits of each type of control channel currently required to be monitored by a UE. A temporary search space corresponding to the each type of control channel is determined according to a mapping relationship currently used by the UE. It is determined that an actual search space corresponding to a selected type of control channel is all or a part of CCEs of a union of temporary search spaces corresponding to all or a part of control channels with the same number of the downlink control information bits when the DCI bit number of one or more other control channels is the same as the DCI bit number of the selected type of control channel.

The invention provides a method and system to quantify the impact of granting access privileges for voice channels in mobile cellular telecommunications when dealing with applications where such a policy may improve service quality regardless of the technology used by the service provider. The number of channels that need to be reserved in order to reach the target can be determined. Channel access requests are categorized according to a prioritization scheme providing several blocking probabilities according to the portion of subscribers belonging to each access service class, the total number of service channels in a cell sector, and the target blocking probability and total traffic (or load).

Disclosed is a manufactured three-dimensional convex-concave fairing with attached vortex generators, for hydraulic structures such as bridge piers and abutments, whose shape prevents the local scour problem around such hydraulic structures. The device is a conventionally made concrete or fiber-reinforced composite, or combination of both, vortex generator equipped hydrodynamic fairing that is fit or cast over an existing or new hydraulic structure around the base of the structure and above the footing. The vortex generators are positioned so as to energize decelerating near wall flow with higher-momentum outer layer flow. The result is a more steady, compact separation and wake and substantially mitigated scour inducing vortical flow.