The invention discloses a spreading fixator for a renal transplantation operation. The spreading fixator comprises a baseboard, leg supporting plates, a first rotary shaft, a backup plate, a second rotary shaft, hydraulic bottom pillars, connecting rods, a telescopic plate, a connecting plate, a spreading plate, a third rotary shaft, a fourth rotary shaft and an adjusting rotary button. The spreading fixator has the advantages that the spreading plate is an arc panel made from a stainless steel material, the outer surface of the spreading plate is polished, the spreading plate has a smooth outer wall accordingly, and in this way, secondary harm to the spread parts can be avoided during spreading fixation; meanwhile, disinfection and cleaning are also facilitated, connecting rods are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the baseboard, the bottoms of the connecting rods are slidably connected with the baseboard through grooves clamped in the two side edges of the baseboard so that corresponding positions of the connecting rods can be adjusted according to different positions which need to be spread, and then medical personnel can conveniently operate and use the spreading fixator.