The invention discloses a self-locking mechanism capable of preventing slide retreating and a self-locking and unlocking method of the self-locking mechanism. The self-locking mechanism capable of preventing slide retreating comprises a slide push plate, fixed plates, a limiting mechanism, an ejection block and a driving mechanism, the fixed plates are arranged on the two sides of the slide push plate, the tail end of the slide push plate is provided with a self-locking groove, the limiting mechanism is located inside the self-locking groove, the ejection block is located in a groove opening of the self-locking groove, the top of the ejection block is provided with an inclined top face and a limiting face, the limiting face is located below the inclined top face, the driving mechanism is connected with the ejection block and drives the ejection block to move, self-locking of the limiting mechanism can be achieved, the position of the slide push plate can be locked effectively, slide push plate retreating caused by too large injection molding pressure is prevented, the defects of too much glue, flashing, trimming and the like are prevented, and the quality of an injection molding product is guaranteed.