The invention relates to the technical field of elastic fabric, in particular to a dyeing and finishing process of a superfine fiber fabric capable of quickly wicking sweat. The process comprises thefollowing steps: weaving the superfine fiber fabric, presetting, immersing in hot water at 30-40 DEG C, adding a refining degreasing agent and a penetrating agent, heating to 80 DEG C, keeping the temperature for 10-20 minutes, washing with water, cooling to 20-25 DEG C, conveying the fabric into an overflow dyeing machine, adding 2-3 g/L of dye and 0.4-0.8 g/L of an acidic leveling agent for dyeing, soaping in a soaping agent for 15-20 minutes, then putting the fabric into a color fixing solution for color fixing for 20-40 minutes, dehydrating, drying at the temperature of 110-120 DEG C, andputting the fabric into a heat setting machine for heat setting, wherein the heat setting temperature is 135-140 DEG C, the fabric conveying speed is 25-30 m/min, the set width is 2-3 cm wider than the width of the finished fabric. The process has the advantages that the color fixing property is good, and the moisture absorption and draining properties of the fabric are effectively enhanced.