In order to solve the problem that since an existing electric leakage sensor cannot detect fault of itself, the electric leakage sensor may fail or gives a false alarm, the invention provides an electric leakage sensor, a high-voltage distribution box and an electric vehicle. The electric leakage sensor comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a communication module, an excitation power supply, a current-limiting resistor, a self-check switch, a threshold resistor and a detection resistor, wherein the excitation power supply, the current-limiting resistor, the self-detection switch, the threshold resistor and the detection resistor are connected in series in sequence to form a loop. An electric leakage detection input end is arranged between the current-limiting resistor and the self-detection switch; an earth terminal is arranged between the threshold resistor and the detection resistor; the voltage sampling circuit detects voltage of the excitation power supply, the detection resistor and the electric leakage detection input end respectively; the excitation power supply comprises a positive excitation power supply and a negative excitation power supply, which are connected in parallel, wherein the positive excitation power supply is connected with a positive excitation switch, and the negative excitation power supply is connected with a negative excitation switch; and the communication module is connected with the voltage sampling circuit, the self-detection switch, the positive excitation switch, the negative excitation switch and a battery manager.