A fault-detection, retransmission and fault-tolerant router unit based on triple modular redundancy comprises an arbitration unit, a switch, a decoding module, four port input units and a local input unit. The arbitration unit performs output sequence control on input data packets and acquires a control signal for outputting to the switch. The switch successively outputs the input data packets according to the control signal. The decoding module performs decoding verification on data which arrive at a target node. Each port input unit is used for receiving input data packets in one direction, performing error verification, calculating a routing path and outputting the data packets according to a link state and a retransmission request which are fed back by a next-grade router. The local input unit receives data which are input through a local port, performing packing processing, performing error verification, calculating the routing path, and outputting the data packets according to the link state and the retransmission request of the target node. The fault-detection, retransmission and fault-tolerant router unit has advantages of improving transmission reliability of the data packets, and satisfying performance requirements of transmission time delay, area, power consumption, etc.