The invention discloses a silicon wafer wire cutting machine. The silicon wafer wire cutting machine comprises a frame, a cutting chamber and a wire barrel chamber. The cutting chamber is internally provided with a cutting head and a winding and unwinding wheel tool. The wire barrel chamber comprises a main plate, a winding and unwinding wheel unit, two wire guiding wheel tools arranged below winding and unwinding wheels, wire guiding wheel tool movable bases connected with the wire guiding wheel tools, two transverse movement frames, two tension arm motors, tension arms connected with the tension arm motors, and tension arm guiding wheels arranged at the lower ends of the tension arms, and the transverse movement frames are horizontally arranged. The silicon wafer wire cutting machine has the beneficial effects that the guiding wheel arrangement structure is optimized, the wire barrel installing manner is horizontal installation, the winding displacement load of horizontal installation is uniform, and the number of guiding wheels is reduced; and due to reduction of the number of the wire guiding wheels, the breaking tension of a steel wire is increased firstly, and then fluctuation of tension entering a wire net becomes small; and jumping of the wire barrel is weak, winding displacement is more stable, and arm swinging is stable when the tension arms run. By means of the silicon wafer wire cutting machine, broken wires are effectively monitored, and wire net empty pulling and other losses caused by wire breaking are reduced.