The invention relates to a device and a method for detecting material outgassing product under space living environment, which belongs to the field of electronic testing technology. The device mainly comprises an observation window, an object platform, a vacuum chamber cabin door, a vacuum measurement system, a temperature control system, a sample container, a vacuum chamber, a gas charging valve, a flow rate control meter, a trim valve, a filter, a pressure meter, a relief valve, a dry nitrogen container, a high-purity nitrogen container, a high-purity oxygen container, a sampling device, an oxygen analyzer, a gas collection valve, a vent valve, a rough valve, a dry pump, a fore valve, a gate valve and a magnetic molecular pump. The method comprises a sample preparation step and a sample outgassing product analysis step. The device and the method provided by the invention overcome the disadvantage of the prior art which only focuses on the material outgassing problem under vacuum condition, and can evaluate the composition and content of material outgassing products under low-pressure environment in crew cabins of space station, spacecraft and so on.