The invention relates to a transurethral surgical robot system which comprises a cabinet. The bottom of the cabinet is fixedly connected with a base plate, the top of the cabinet is connected with a support through a transmission chain, a cystoscope and two surgical tools are fixedly connected onto the support, the cystoscope comprises a cystoscope body and a cystoscope body driving unit, the cystoscope body comprises a high-definition camera with an illumination module, a fixed disk, two first structural bones, a second structural bone, a supporting component and a thin-walled tube, the two first structural bones and the second structural bone are triangularly and uniformly distributed, the front ends of the structural bones are jointly tightly connected to one side of the fixed disk, the other side of the fixed disk is fixedly connected with the high-definition camera, the supporting component is of a slender structure, the rear end of the supporting component is connected with the cystoscope body driving unit, a channel is arranged on the surgical supporting component, cables of the first structural bones, the second structural bone and the high-definition camera penetrate the channel, the rear ends of the two first structural bones and the second structural bone penetrate the supporting component and then is connected with the cystoscope body driving unit, and the thin-walled tube sleeves the outside of the supporting component.