The invention relates to an arch column method for building a large-scale underground structure in shallow buried rock stratums. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, separately excavating underground one-storey middle
pilot tunnels, constructing primary supports, and constructing
pile foundations and steel
pipe columns at the positions of middle columns; 2, constructing secondary linings including underground one-storey floors, steel
pipe columns, roof timbers, roof arches and the like, and waterproof
layers in middle tunnels; 3, symmetrically excavating underground one-storey two-side
pilot tunnels, constructing primary supports, and constructing
pile foundations and side columns under side walls; 4, constructing secondary linings including floors, vertical walls, edge arches and the like in side tunnels and waterproof
layers, and disassembling temporary supports; 5, under the protection of underground one-storey structures, downwards excavating an underground second-storey structure with large-scale machinery, besides, constructing side wall bolt spray supports or slab rib type anchored bolt
retaining wall supports, and pouring underground second-storey floors, side walls and waterproof
layers; and 6, sequentially downwards excavating a plurality of underground storeys, besides, constructing side wall supports, and pouring floors, side walls and waterproof layers of corresponding storeys. The method disclosed by the invention is convenient to construct, high in efficiency, small in construction risks, good in stratum
deformation control, and low in building cost.