The invention discloses an electro-hydraulic fully variable air distribution device and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of engine air valves. The electro-hydraulic fully variable air distribution device comprises a buffer control valve, a lift range control valve, a low-pressure oil box, a filter, a
hydraulic motor, an energy accumulator, an overflow valve, a solenoid
directional valve, an electro-hydraulic fully variable air distribution executor, an
electronic control system, and attached components like an oil
pipe. A high-pressure oil port, a lift range control port, a buffer control oil port, a cylinder
body orifice and five hydraulic cavities (A, B, C, D and E) are formed in the electro-hydraulic fully variable air distribution executor, and by controlling pressure of hydraulic oil in the five hydraulic cavities, movement like the opening and seating of one engine air valve can be realized. By changing power losing and power obtaining hours of a two-position three-way valve, the lift range control valve and the buffer control valve, the opening phase and the opening lift range of the engine air valve can be changed, and soft adjustment on the lift range and the phase of the air valve, and the duration of the opening of the air valve are realized, so that fully variable movement of the air valve is realized.