The invention discloses an engineering investigation unmanned aerial vehicle system based on satellite positioning and navigation and an investigation surveying and mapping method. The engineering investigation unmanned aerial vehicle system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle body, supporting arms, propellers, undercarriages, a transportation device, a sampling device, a power supply, a monitoring device and a workstation. The unmanned aerial vehicle body internally comprises a navigation positioning module, an environment detection module, a survey lofting module, a survey work monitoring module, a wireless communication module, a transportation module, a sampling module, a text image recognition module, a flight control module, an anti-collision protection module, a power supply module, a memory and a loss finding module. According to the invention, an advanced positioning navigation technology, a remote sensing image technology, a radar technology, a flight control technology, a real-time aerial image voice communication technology, an intelligent investigation technology, a text image recognition technology and a wireless transmission technology are adopted; geotechnical engineering investigation and high and new technologies are combined, and multiple important functions such as investigation automatic measurement and lofting, coordinate elevation remeasurement, drillingmachine navigation reminding, investigation work quality progress deviation rectification, automatic transportation and sampling, man-machine interaction, text image automation and unmanned aerial vehicle loss finding are achieved.