The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to an aerobic microorganism sewage treatment device which comprises a ship body, a partition plate, a sealingplate, a motor, an air pump, an air pipe, a first belt wheel, a first belt, a second belt, an oxygen supply component and a driving component. The rotating shaft is driven by the motor to rotate in the spiral descending direction of the spiral pipe; therefore, the spiral pipe is driven to rotate; meanwhile, working gas of the air pump enters the spiral pipe and enters the sewage through the air outlet hole; the rotating direction of the spiral pipe is consistent with the spiral descending direction of the spiral pipe, and the air outlet holes formed in the spiral pipe are horizontally formedin the tangential direction of the spiral pipe, so that the air outlet holes are extruded by water flow in the rotating process of the spiral pipe, the pressure intensity at the air outlet hole is increased, the solubility of oxygen in sewage dissolved gas is further increased, the oxygen content in sewage is further increased, the growth speed of aerobic microorganisms is increased, the decomposition speed of organic matter is further increased, and the sewage treatment time is shortened.