The invention brings forward biomarkers for end-stage renal disease and an application thereof. The biomarkers for end-stage renal disease are Akkermansia muciniphila, Alistipes finegoldii, Alistipesshahii, Bacteroides fibrobacter, Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium dentium, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium saccharolyticum, Desulfovibrio Vulgaris, Eggerthella lenta, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Flavonifractor plautii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, butyric acid-producing enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus infantarius, Streptococcus thermophilus, butyrate-producing bacteria, Eubacterium rectal and Faecalibacterium prausnitzi. Whether a subject suffers from or is susceptible to end-stage renal disease can be effectively determined by determining these microbial markers in the intestinal flora of the subject.