The present invention is directed to
nanofiber yarns, ribbons, and sheets; to methods of making said yarns, ribbons, and sheets; and to applications of said yarns, ribbons, and sheets. In some embodiments, the
nanotube yarns, ribbons, and sheets comprise carbon nanotubes. Particularly, such
carbon nanotube yarns of the present invention provide unique properties and property combinations such as extreme
toughness, resistance to failure at knots, high electrical and thermal conductivities,
high absorption of energy that occurs reversibly, up to 13% strain-to-failure compared with the few percent strain-to-failure of other fibers with similar
toughness, very
high resistance to
creep, retention of strength even when heated in air at 450° C. for one hour, and very
high radiation and IJV resistance, even when irradiated in air. Furthermore these
nanotube yarns can be spun as one micron
diameter yarns and plied at will to make two-fold, four-fold, and higher fold yarns. Additional embodiments provide for the
spinning of
nanofiber sheets having arbitrarily large widths. In still additional embodiments, the present invention is directed to applications and devices that utilize and / or comprise the
nanofiber yarns, ribbons, and sheets of the present invention.