51 results about "Double integration" patented technology

A device comprised of at least a pair of accelerometers and a tilt sensor mounted in fixed relation to a datum plane defining surface (sole of a shoe) may be used for extracting kinematic variables including linear and rotational acceleration, velocity and position. These variables may be resolved into a selected direction thereby permitting both relative and absolute kinematic quantities to be determined. The acceleration is determined using a small cluster of two mutually perpendicular accelerometers mounted on a shoe. Angular orientation of the foot may be determined by double integration of the foot's angular acceleration (which requires a third accelerometer substantially parallel to one of the two orthogonal accelerometers). The two orthogonal accelerations are then resolved into a net horizontal acceleration or other selected direction which may be integrated to find the foot velocity in the selected direction. The average of the foot velocity corresponds to the subject's gait speed.

The invention provides an indoor inertial navigation algorithm based on posture recognition and a step length model and relates to the field of indoor inertial navigation and positioning. An inertial sensor is fixed on a foot of a pedestrian and data is transmitted to a smartphone by utilizing Bluetooth; the step frequency and the step number of the pedestrian are calculated by adopting a multi-condition and zero-speed detection method and a posture angle detection method according to posture characteristics of the foot when the pedestrian walks; an inertial navigation calculation result of each step of the pedestrian is counted and classified and the step length model is established; postures and the step frequency of the foot of the pedestrian are used as reference to calibrate the inertial navigation calculation result in real time; electronic compass data of a dynamic complement algorithm based on slide mean filter is used as a real-time course angle, and whether the pedestrian has an inertial and usual movement posture or not is judged according to changes of the step frequency and the course angle of the pedestrian; the step length model is matched by taking a judging result as the basis. The problems of an indoor positioning and inertial navigation technology that error accumulation is caused by double integration so that positioning is inaccurate and the like are solved, and the accuracy of indoor long-distance navigation of the pedestrian is guaranteed.

The present invention addresses the above described problems by simplifying the assumptions on possible motions made by a user. This simplification process can take place by making an assumption that the motion of the device will travel along a certain preferential motion arc, which will be referred to herein as the “Javal arc.” Calculations of motions of the device can be made based on these Javal arcs. Additionally, the double integration of each accelerometer is now eliminated and the expensive accelerometers are replaced by two magnetic sensors.

The present invention provides a machine motion trajectory measuring device, a numerically controlled machine tool, and a machine motion trajectory measuring method. The machine motion trajectory measuring device is for measuring the trajectory of motion of a machine, adapted for use in a device for controlling the position of the machine in such a manner that a detected position which is obtained by converting a motor rotation angle into the position of the machine is fed back to drive each of motors (1) for movable shafts so that the detected position follows a commanded position. The machine motion trajectory measuring device is provided with an acceleration meter (13) which measures the acceleration of the machine, and a motion trajectory measuring unit (14) which measures the trajectory of motion of the machine by obtaining the position of the machine through double integration of the acceleration and correcting the machine position so that the profile of the position of the machine coincides with the profile of an estimated position estimated by a model which simulates the response of the position of the machine to the commanded position or with the profile of the detected position.

A semiconductor device realizes a high electrostatic discharge withstanding capability and a high surge withstanding capability within the narrow chip area of a lateral MOSFET used in integrated intelligent switching devices, double-integration-type signal input and transfer IC's, and combined power IC's. The semiconductor device includes a vertical bipolar transistor in which a base is electrically connected to an emitter and a collector, and a lateral MOSFET including a drain electrode connected to a surface electrode. The vertical bipolar transistor absorbs electrostatic discharge or surge energy when a high electrostatic discharge voltage or a high surge voltage is applied and limits the electrostatic discharge voltage or the surge voltage to be lower than the breakdown voltage of the lateral MOSFET.

The invention discloses a frictional torque compensation method and device as well as an idle speed control method and system and belongs to the field of automobile electronic control. The frictional torque compensation method comprises the following steps: inquiring an initial frictional torque from a prestored torque pulse spectrum table according to the current engine operating parameter; carrying out double integration on the D-value of the current revolving speed and a target revolving speed to obtain a frictional torque compensation value; and adding the initial frictional torque and the frictional torque compensation value together to obtain a final frictional torque. The frictional torque compensation system realizes the frictional torque compensation method, and the idle speed control method and an idle speed control system utilize the final frictional torque acquired by the compensation to carry out idle speed control; the D-value of the current revolving speed and the target revolving speed is subjected to double integration so as to obtain the frictional torque compensation value, thereby effectively reducing or eliminating the difference of the frictional torque obtained through searching the table and the actual frictional torque of an engine; and the final frictional torque after compensation is utilized to realize more stable idle speed control.

An inertial system measures the attitude of an aircraft consisting at least in determining the angle of pitch and / or the angle of heading and / or the angle of roll of the aircraft, each of the said angles of attitude being determined by successive double integration of their second derivative. A pair of accelerometers to determine the angle of pitch being are disposed on either side of the centre of gravity along an axis substantially merged with the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. A pair of accelerometers to determine the angle of heading are disposed on either side of the centre of gravity along an axis substantially merged with the transverse axis of the aircraft. A pair of accelerometers to determine the angle of roll are disposed on either side of the centre of gravity along a vertical axis perpendicular to the plane formed by the other axes.

Methods are provided for estimating the dimensional stability of a wood product from simple algebraic functions of moisture, shrinkage rates and grain angles observed on outer surfaces. The methods may employ single or multiple sensor group measurements. The quantitative relationship between crook or bow stability and lengthwise shrinkage can be established using mathematical operations, rather than sophisticated and complicated finite-element modeling methods. In particular, the curvature of any board length-segment or section, expressed as the second derivative of the crook or bow profile, can be determined from a linear combination of the shrinkage values of the coupons including that segment or section. The overall crook or bow profile of the board can be determined from a section-by-section double-integration of those second derivative values.

A semiconductor device realizes a high electrostatic discharge withstanding capability and a high surge withstanding capability within the narrow chip area of a lateral MOSFET used in integrated intelligent switching devices, double-integration-type signal input and transfer IC's, and combined power IC's. The semiconductor device includes a vertical bipolar transistor in which a base is electrically connected to an emitter and a collector, and a lateral MOSFET including a drain electrode connected to a surface electrode. The vertical bipolar transistor absorbs electrostatic discharge or surge energy when a high electrostatic discharge voltage or a high surge voltage is applied and limits the electrostatic discharge voltage or the surge voltage to be lower than the breakdown voltage of the lateral MOSFET.

The invention relates to a device and to a method for characterising movements made by an object, in particular a limb of a human being, fitted with at least one accelerometer sensor. The invention is particularly useful for determining the direction, the orientation and the length of the steps of said human being. The invention uses algorithms for processing the signals from the sensor in order to segment the steps by detecting the lifting and lowering of said limb from and on the floor or ground by comparing output signals from the sensor to thresholds, determine the direction and the orientation of the steps by comparing the maximum values of the signals along two axes substantially parallel to the walking plane, and calculate the length of a step by double integration of the signals according to the direction of the step. The invention can also be used for hand movements having variation characteristics close to those of steps.

The invention provides an anti-interference permanent magnetic synchronous motor electric current loop control method. The method makes some improvements based on a conventional control method from two aspects. First of all, a current sampling strategy of average sampling is brought forward, the method can effectively inhibit noise and harmonic interference, and at the same time, a time-delay time constant of a system is also determined; then, a counterelectromotive force is introduced into a current closed loop, and a model of a new current control loop is established; and finally, for the purpose of eliminating a static difference, proportional double-integration control is brought forward and controller parameters are set. The method provided by the invention can improve the anti-interference capability of a current loop and accordingly improves the performance of the current loop.

The invention discloses a mechanical arm posture robustness control method based on an interference estimator. The mechanical arm robustness control method comprises steps of establishing a mechanical arm dynamic model and performing feedback linearity on the mechanic arm dynamic model to simplify the dynamic model into a disturbed double integration model, setting a double-component posture robustness controller in order to realize mechanical arm posture robustness tracking control, and converting a compensated control signal to a voltage signal to input into an actuator so as to complete posture robustness control of the mechanical arm under a disturbed condition. The double-component posture controller comprises two parts. One part is used for configuring an input of a nominal system in order to guarantee that a closed loop system can track reference signals and the other part is used for configuring an interference estimator for performing real-time estimation on model uncertainty and external disturbance and then performing compensation on a control signal. The mechanical arm robustness control method based on the interference estimator can effectively remove or inhibit uncertainty or an interference signal in a kinematic model in order to realize high accuracy tracking on a mechanical arm posture expectation reference signal, and is strong in interference resistance, clear in controlling parameters, less in calculation and strong in implementation.

Apparatus for estimating a first height (1) of a vehicle (2) above a first reference surface (3), including a system (4) for determining position, velocity and attitude incorporating at least one sensing means (4b) operable to provide an output signal (5) indicative of a vertical specific force of the vehicle, error-estimating means (6) for receiving as input signals a horizontal reference velocity and position (4a) of the vehicle (2), and a radar altimeter measurement (7) of a second height (1b) of the vehicle (2) above a second reference surface (8) and for providing as an output signal (9) estimates of errors associated with the sensing means output signal (5), and integrating means (10) for receiving said sensing means and error-estimating means output signals (5, 9), and for subtracting the estimates of errors from the signal (5) indicative of vertical specific force while performing a double integration of the results of the subtraction, to provide an output indicative of the required estimated first height (1).

An image sensor for gathering images at one and the same time at low illumination level and at high illumination level is described. The sensor operates with a double integration time at each frame. Two successive charge transfers from a photodiode to a storage node are performed, the first after a first duration, the second after a second duration different from the first. The potential of the storage node after the first transfer of charge is sampled in a first capacitor of the reading circuit. The potential after a reinitialization of the storage node is sampled in a second capacitor. A level of potential taken after the second transfer is conditionally resampled in the first capacitor. The condition of the resampling is a condition of signal level after the first transfer. This level is applied to the differential amplifier of a ramp-type converter for a short duration of ramp.

The invention discloses an inertia sensing coordinate input device and a method for using the same, wherein the device comprises accelerometers capable of detecting the accelerations along X, Y, Z three axes, and a gyroscope taking the Z axis as the axis and used for detecting rotation; the coordinate input method is as follows: defining signals in a static state of sensing components as basis signals; detecting whether the acceleration along the Z axis can be changed by means of the Z axis accelerometer; if no obvious change is made in the acceleration along the Z axis in a constant sampling period compared with the basis signal, performing a plane operation mode of detecting acceleration changes of left-right displacement and forward-backward displacement by using the X axis accelerometer and the Y axis accelerometer and obtaining displacement, which serves as an coordinate input value after being adjusted in measurement, by the double integration of the signals of the accelerations of the X axis and the Y axis; if the great change in the acceleration of the Z axis, performing space operation. In addition, in the plane operation mode, the gyroscope can be used to detect the rotation of the device to compensate for the acceleration signals of the X axis and the Y axis.

An image sensor for gathering images at one and the same time at low illumination level and at high illumination level is described. The sensor operates with a double integration time at each frame. Two successive charge transfers from a photodiode to a storage node are performed, the first after a first duration, the second after a second duration different from the first. The potential of the storage node after the first transfer of charge is sampled in a first capacitor of the reading circuit. The potential after a reinitialization of the storage node is sampled in a second capacitor. A level of potential taken after the second transfer is conditionally resampled in the first capacitor. The condition of the resampling is a condition of signal level after the first transfer. This level is applied to the differential amplifier of a ramp-type converter for a short duration of ramp.

The present invention relates to a technique for analyzing a sample by utilizing a double integration circuit (11) for outputting a physical quantity related to the output from an analytical tool (2). In the present invention, the time interval from when the output from the analytical tool (2) is inputted into the double integration circuit (11) till when the physical quantity is started to be outputted from the double integration circuit (11) differs before and after the supply of the sample to the analytical tool (2) is confirmed.

The invention relates to a proportional-differential control method with a first-order compensation term. The method comprises the following steps: the first step: design of the structure of a closed-loop control system: the closed-loop control system is an error unit negative feedback structure, and a control element comprises a standard PD controller and a first-order compensation term, wherein, an input signal of the standard PD controller is an error signal, and the first-order compensation term is positioned between the PD controller and a controlled object, the output signal of the PD controller is an input signal of the first-order compensation term, and the output signal of the first-order compensation term is the input signal of a double integration system; and the second step: design of time constant of the gain parameter and the compensation term of the controller: the control scheme introduced by 'the first step' is adopted to obtain a step response without overshoot, and the time constant of the gain parameter and the compensation term of the controller meets any one of four constraints. Compared with other controllers, the method can realize no overshoot of the step response of the closed-loop control system while controlling the double integration system.

A double-integration signal processing apparatus for pulse width amplification and A / D conversion is provided. The current mode double-integration conversion apparatus includes: a current mode double-integration unit which integrates an input current in a predetermined time interval and outputs an integration voltage; a comparison unit which compares the integration voltage output from the current mode double-integration unit with a predetermined comparison voltage V k and outputs an comparison pulse signal; and a gate logic unit which performs a logic operation by using the comparison pulse signal of the comparison unit and an internal signal and outputs an logic operation pulse signal. Accordingly, the current mode double-integration conversion apparatus can be applied to various sensors.

The invention relates to a double-integration indirect sliding mode controller of DC / DC converter. A signal output terminal of a voltage sampler is connected with an inverting input terminal of a subtractor; a positive-phase input terminal of the subtractor serves as a reference voltage input terminal; an output terminal of the subtractor is connected with an input terminal of a proportion integrator; and an output terminal of the proportion integrator is connected with a first input terminal of a summator. A signal input terminal of a current sampler is used for collecting currents flowing through a main circuit filter capacitor of a DC / DC converter; and a signal output terminal of the current sampler is connected with a second input terminal of the summator. A signal output terminal of the voltage sampler is connected with a third input terminal of the summator; and an output terminal of the summator is connected with an in-phase input terminal of a comparator. An output terminal of a sawtooth generator is connected with an inverting input terminal of the comparator. With the controller, the dynamic performance and robustness of the DC / DC converter are effectively improved.

The present invention relates to a technique for analyzing a sample by utilizing a double integration circuit (11) for outputting a physical quantity related to the output from an analytical tool (2). In the present invention, the time interval from when the output from the analytical tool (2) is inputted into the double integration circuit (11) till when the physical quantity is started to be outputted from the double integration circuit (11) differs before and after the supply of the sample to the analytical tool (2) is confirmed.

An apparatus including a detecting unit that detects information indicating a state of an organism from the organism or an organism specimen extracted from the organism and outputs the detected information as a current, a current-voltage conversion circuit that converts the current output from the detecting unit into a voltage, a double-integration-type A / D conversion circuit having an integration capacitor that is charged based on a voltage output from the current-voltage conversion circuit and is thereafter discharged, and a counter that measures a charge time during which the integration capacitor is charged and a discharge time during which the integration capacitor is discharged, the A / D conversion circuit converting into digital quantities the charge time and the discharge time measured by the counter, and outputting the digital quantities, and an information processing unit that calculates a state quantity of the organism based on the digital quantities output from the A / D conversion circuit.

A double-integration signal processing apparatus for pulse width amplification and A / D conversion is provided. The current mode double-integration conversion apparatus includes: a current mode double-integration unit which integrates an input current in a predetermined time interval and outputs an integration voltage; a comparison unit which compares the integration voltage output from the current mode double-integration unit with a predetermined comparison voltage V k and outputs an comparison pulse signal; and a gate logic unit which performs a logic operation by using the comparison pulse signal of the comparison unit and an internal signal and outputs an logic operation pulse signal. Accordingly, the current mode double-integration conversion apparatus can be applied to various sensors.

An inertial system measures the attitude of an aircraft consisting at least in determining the angle of pitch and / or the angle of heading and / or the angle of roll of the aircraft, each of the said angles of attitude being determined by successive double integration of their second derivative. A pair of accelerometers to determine the angle of pitch being are disposed on either side of the centre of gravity along an axis substantially merged with the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. A pair of accelerometers to determine the angle of heading are disposed on either side of the centre of gravity along an axis substantially merged with the transverse axis of the aircraft. A pair of accelerometers to determine the angle of roll are disposed on either side of the centre of gravity along a vertical axis perpendicular to the plane formed by the other axes.

A method for measuring movement of a solid, using an absolute measurement associated with a double integration measurement. The method can be applied in particular to sensing movements of the human body and includes a series of measurement of the acceleration of the solid and double integration of the measurements to obtain successive values of a first translation of the solid, and a series of absolute measurements of at least one second degree of freedom of the solid, namely a rotation, and this measurement of rotation is converted into a measurement of translation used to update the first translation.

The present invention embodies an engine intake air flow meter measuring a mass flow rate based on measured pressures in an intake pipe, such as a pressure difference between two points and a pressure at a point. Calculations for integration and double integration of the pressure difference are performed, and both values of integration and double integration are corrected at a moment when an air flow rate is detected to be a zero based on a value of a time derivative of the pressure. Then a mass flow rate and an amount of air are calculated by the value of integration and the value of double integration respectively.

The invention discloses a variable-period integrated signal damping ratio diagnosis method, which comprises the steps of firstly using a data acquisition instrument to acquire vibrating signals, inputting the vibrating signals into a computer for analysis, recognizing the intrinsic frequency of the signals through a non-prior base strategy, then establishing a constructor function through the intrinsic frequency, changing the time duration of signal analysis, performing double integration to the product of the signals and the constructor function, wherein the time duration of the double integration is in a twofold relation and is integer multiples of signal half period, and finally performing simultaneous two-section integration to obtain an equation to be solved, figuring out a signal attenuation coefficient, obtaining signal damping ratio through a relationship calculation formula of the attenuation coefficient, the intrinsic frequency and the damping ratio, and outputting a diagnosis result. The variable-period integrated signal damping ratio diagnosis method has the advantages that the diagnosis speed is fast, the influence of negative frequency items on damping diagnosis is eliminated through variable-period integration during calculation, the accuracy of the diagnosis result is high, the diagnosis process is not restricted by the magnitude of the damping value and the engineering application value is very great.

The invention discloses a nondestructive measurement system and method for a magnetic tile based on a double integration method of embedded coils. A first measuring coil and a second measuring coil are embedded in a lower pole shoe along a horizontal axial direction; a to-be-measured magnetic tile is positioned on the first measuring coil; two sides of upper and lower pole heads are connected through an elastic movable structure so as to realize adjusting of upper and lower elastic forces; the arc surfaces of upper and lower pole shoes both match with the radian of the to-be-measured magnetic tile; the first and second measuring coils are connected with a respective magnetic flux meter; electromagnets are connected with an excitation power supply; the excitation power supply and the magnetic flux meters are respectively connected with a computer through a D / A converter and an A / D converter; and a switch controller is connected with the D / A converter and the A / D converter so as to realize control of a change-over switch. According to the invention, an elastic force-guided opening-closing pole shoe structure is employed, so sample replacing efficiency is improved, and demands in testing of a rare earth permanent magnetic tile by using a pull out procedure are met; and good measurement repeatability and reproducibility are obtained, and human errors are few.

A method for detecting a failure of at least one sensor onboard an aircraft implementing a baro-inertial loop is provided. The method includes implementing a baro-inertial loop including obtaining a computed vertical speed, then a short-term baro-inertial altitude, based on a double integration of the measured vertical acceleration; and developing at least one intermediate loop parameter based on a deviation between the short-term baro-inertial altitude and the pressure altitude. The method also includes observing at least one failure detection parameter obtained from one of the intermediate parameters of the baro-inertial loop; and determining the presence of a failure on one of the sensors of the aircraft based on the value of the observed failure detection parameter.