The invention relates to a ship-use low-temperature fluid loading and unloading device comprising a column, an inner arm, an outer arm, and an emergency release device. The column and the inner arm, the inner arm and the outer arm, and the outer arm and the emergency release device are connected by using rotation joints. The emergency release device comprises an upper ball valve, a lower ball valve, a hoop assembly connecting the two ball valves, and a power mechanism controlling the connection and disconnection of the two ball valves and realizing the emergency release of the ball valves. According to the invention, open-type nitrogen channels of the rotation joints are reasonably utilized, and water vapor in a nitrogen purging channel and an insulation chamber is discharged from a nitrogen outlet. Because accumulated water vapor is discharged in time by using the dry nitrogen gas, water vapor freezing in steel ball raceway is avoided, and the blockage of bearing ball rolling in the raceway is avoided. Therefore, the device can work normally in transporting of low-temperature media such as liquefied natural gas, low-temperature ethylene, and the like. With a main sealing device, a secondary sealing device, an end face sealing device I, an end face sealing device II, a nitrogen sealing device, and the like, good sealing property of the rotation joints is ensured.