The invention discloses a method for quickly quality-detecting and identifying American ginsengs, ginsengs and preparations of American ginsengs and ginsengs. In the method, 70-percent methanol is used as a sample ultrasonic extraction solvent, a C18 chromatographic column is adopted, a system of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-formic acid-water is used as a flowing phase, an electrospray ionization(ESI) ion source is adopted, quick separation, identification and measurement of pseudoginsenoside F11 and ginsenoside Rf which are characteristics components of the American ginsengs and ginsengs respectively are performed within 2 minutes for the first time under a condition of a negative ion mode second order mass spectrometry analysis, and whether the preparation of the American ginsengs is mixed with the ginsengs is judged and the content of crude drugs mixed with the ginsengs is worked out. The method has the advantages of strong specificity, synchronous qualitative and quantitative analysis, easy and quick pre-treatment, quick detection of the contents of the American ginsengs and the ginsengs within 2 minutes, high sensitivity of detection and measurement and good repeatability, and the suitability for quick quality screening of the American ginsengs, the ginsengs and products of the American ginsengs and the ginsengs.