The invention provides a method for extracting and separating neutral nitrides in
coal tar by utilizing non-toxic biodegradable
ionic liquid. One or a combination of more than two of n-
hexane, n-
heptane, n-
octane or n-
dodecane is used as a
solvent, and the non-toxic biodegradable tetramethylguanidyl
ionic liquid is synthesized by a one-
step method; and extracting and separating to obtain the neutral
nitride through three-stage counter-current extraction, back extraction and reduced-pressure
flash evaporation processes by taking the neutral
nitride as an extracting agent. The tetramethylguanidyl
ionic liquid is non-toxic, biodegradable, simple to synthesize, high in yield and purity, low in
energy consumption, low in cost, small in waste liquid generation amount, green and environment-friendly. According to the method, the removal rate of high-boiling-point neutral nitrides in the wash oil and the
anthracene oil is greatly increased, the excellent extraction and separation effect is achieved, and the extraction efficiency is high. The extraction and
separation process is simple, and the device is reasonable; the nontoxic biodegradable tetramethylguanidyl ionic liquid is high in
recovery rate and purity, can be recycled, and is safe and environment-friendly.