An esterification-ultrahigh pressure crystallization separation method for a distillate of vegetable oil takes the distillate of vegetable oil as a raw material, comprises the various unit processes of esterifying, crystalizing, separating, desolventizing, washing and drying, and is characterized in that: in the esterifying process, concentrated sulfuric acid is taken as a catalyst, and absolute ethyl alcohol and free fatty acid are subject to esterification reaction at the temperature of 80 DEG C for 1 hour; in the crystalizing process, urea and 95% ethyl alcohol are added into an esterifying solution, the mixture is stirred to be dissolved, injected into a soft packaging bag, pumped and sealed, and then put into an ultrahigh pressure container to be processed at the pressure of 100-600MPa for 0.5-1h, then the pressure is released, the bag is unpacked, and the operations of separating, desolventizing, washing and drying are conducted to obtain a product mainly containing unsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester, VE, squalene, phytosterol and neutral oil. According to the method, the recovery rate of VE is equal to or larger than 90%, the recovery rate of phytosterol is equal to or larger than 60%, the recovery rate of squalene is equal to or larger than 70%, the recovery rate of neutral oil is equal to or larger than 90%, and the recovery rate of ethyl linoleate is equal to or larger than 80%.