The invention relates to a construction method for a stand column and cover beam assembled structure. The construction method includes the following steps that S1, a stand column is prefabricated, rebars are embedded in the stand column in advance; a cover beam is prefabricated, metal bellows are reserved in the cover beam, and a mortar pressing channel is formed in the cover beam; and the spliced face of the stand column and the cover beam is cleaned and measured; S2, pre-assembling is performed, hole channels of the metal bellows are aligned with the rebars to be sleeved in, and after the perpendicularity and the elevation of the cover beam are adjusted, the cover beam is lifted up; and S3, high-strength mortar is laid in a splicing seam between the stand column and the cover beam, then the cover beam drops down, and after the high-strength mortar reaches the strength requirement, the high-strength mortar is pressed in from the mortar pressing channel till mortar pressing ends. According to the construction method, a traditional bridge building manner is changed, no supports and no formworks exist on the construction site, the on-site construction period is shortened, the labor intensity of workers is relieved, and the requirement for the construction site is lowered; the work procedures of on-site support foundation treatment and support formwork erecting are omitted, and the economical efficiency is high; and meanwhile the negative effects on the ambient environment are reduced.