The invention discloses a flexible circuit board touch screen substrate Open-Short test device. The flexible circuit board touch screen substrate Open-Short test device comprises a touch screen substrate, a sensing plate, an extrusion component, a switch plate and a measuring instrument, wherein the sensing plate is placed between the touch screen substrate and the switching plate; the sensing plate, the touch screen substrate and the switching plate are close to one another and are parallel; the touch screen substrate and the sensing plate are attracted by each other and form a large capacitor; N conductive regions of the sensing plate are in one-to-one correspondence to N touch sensing regions of the touch screen substrate to form N small capacitors; during an open-circuit test, the extrusion component descends, a conductive part of the extrusion component is in contact with a chip region to realize conduction, and a measuring instrument measures capacitance of each small capacitor; and during short-circuit test, the extrusion component ascends, the conductive part of the extrusion component is separated from the chip region, the measuring instrument measures the capacitance between each two small capacitors, and whether the touch screen substrate is in open circuit or short circuit according to the capacitance values. The device is efficient and convenient to test, probes are not need, and the touch screen substrate is not damaged. Correspondingly, the invention further discloses a touch screen substrate Open-Short test method based on the test device.