The invention discloses a method for simultaneously detecting multiple components in rhodiola rosea by HPLC, which comprises the following steps: by using methanol as a solvent, extracting from crushed rhodiola rosea raw materials to obtain a test solution; respectively preparing a salidroside standard substance solution, a rosavin standard substance solution, a rosavin standard substance solutionand a cheek complexing standard substance solution, fixing the volumes of the solutions in a volumetric flask by using methanol, respectively taking the same amount of single standard substances, performing mixing to prepare a mixed standard substance, and filtering the mixed standard substance by using 0.4-0.5 [mu]l of an organic filter membrane; respectively carrying out quantitative analysis on the mixed standard solution and the test solution which pass through the organic filter membrane at dual wavelengths by utilizing HPLC, wherein the column temperature is 26-30 DEG C, the sample sizeis 10[mu]l, the detection wavelength is set to be 276 nm from 0 min to 8 min, and is set to be 255 nm from 8 min to 20 min; and S4, according to an HPLC analysis result, obtaining a spectrum of the test solution and a mixed standard spectrum, and carrying out comparative analysis. The invention provides the method for simultaneously detecting the contents of salidroside, rosavin, rosavin and cheek in rhodiola rosea, and the method has the characteristics of simple operation, less experiment times, high efficiency, accuracy and wide applicability.