The invention provides a polypeptide chip, which comprises a substrate and n polypeptides distributed on the substrate in an array, each polypeptide sequence has 10-20 amino acids, a group consistingof sequences of first to nth polypeptides covers at least 95% of a viral protein sequence, the adjacent polypeptides have an overlap of 3-8 amino acids, and n is 810-1370. According to the method, proteomics and system biology strategies are adopted, all coded protein sequences of COVID-19 are extracted from NCBI data, an SARS-CoV-2 virus proteome polypeptide chip is designed and prepared, and panoramic scanning of all SARS-CoV-2 virus antibodies in blood of a novel pneumonia virus infected patient is achieved.