134 results about "Water scarcity" patented technology

The invention discloses an arid region saline-alkali soil biology improvement method which comprises the following steps: conducting ditching salt avoidance and drip irrigation salt drench to create a low salt moist soil environment that seed germination needs, in the first year, excess salt of farmland plough layer soil is removed through halophyte above ground part cradling, and in the second year, improvement of soil fertility can be realized through salt tolerance leguminous green manure plant. The method is sample and convenient to operate and low in cost, by adopting the halophyte to gather salt and salt tolerance leguminous green manure plant to fertility soil, rapid desalt fertility of saline alkali soil can be realized, saline-alkali soil biology improvement and cyclic utilization mode is built, and the problem that saline-alkali soil common water conservancy improvement is difficult under the background of water resource shortage is avoided.

The invention discloses a mountainous region sponge urban three-section rainwater collection, purification and utilization system which comprises a rainwater collection system, a rainwater purification system and a rainwater utilization system. The rainwater collection system comprises a plurality of afforesting grooves formed from the mountaintop to the mountainside in sequence, a plurality of sand settling ponds and a plurality of water collection tanks; the rainwater purification system is formed by arranging a plurality of primary purification grooves and a plurality of secondary purification grooves in a ladder shape along a mountain body downwards, and the primary purification grooves are provided with an anti-scouring layer, a soil layer, a coarse sand layer and a purification layer from top to bottom in sequence; the secondary purification grooves are provided with a soil layer and a filter layer from top to bottom in sequence; the rainwater utilization system comprises an upper landscape pond and a lower water storage tank, and a concrete partition plate is arranged between the landscape pond and the water storage tank. The mountain body environment can be afforested and beautified, the good landscape effect is achieved, pollutants in rainwater can be absorbed so as to purify water, and the system is particularly suitable for building a mountainous region sponge city with water resource shortage.

The invention relates to the technical field of sponge city construction, and provides a rainwater collecting and processing system. The system comprises a water diversion system, a rainwater seepage unit, a rainwater storage unit, a rainwater processing unit and a rainwater recovering unit; the water diversion system comprises a rainwater collecting groove, a water diversion pipeline, a water diversion pond and a water conveying pipeline, the rainwater collecting groove is connected with the water diversion pond through the water diversion pipeline, and the water diversion pond is communicated with the rainwater seepage unit through the water conveying pipeline; the rainwater seepage unit is arranged in a city green land and used for conveying collected rainwater into the underground rainwater storage unit; the rainwater processing unit filters the rainwater many times, and the sterilized rainwater is conveyed to the place needing water through the rainwater recovering unit. The sponge city rainwater collecting and processing system uses the rainwater for irrigation, toilet flushing, vehicle flushing and landscape water supplementing, saves tap water, reduces water treatment cost and effectively relieves the problem of water resources shortage.

The invention provides a strong brine evaporating and crystallizing system, which comprises a calcium-magnesium removing reaction tank, a filter press, a feeding tank, a crystallizing separator, a crystallizing heater, a compressor, a thickener, a centrifugal machine and a mother liquor tank, wherein the filter press is connected with the calcium-magnesium removing reaction tank, and the feeding tank is connected with the filter press; the crystallizing separator is connected with the feeding tank, a strong brine inlet and a strong brine outlet of the crystallizing heater are respectively connected with the crystallizing separator; an inlet and an outlet of the compressor are respectively connected with the crystallizing separator and the crystallizing heater; an inlet of the thickener is connected with the crystallizing separator, an outlet of the thickener is connected with the centrifugal machine, and a liquid outlet of the centrifugal machine is connected with the crystallizing separator through the mother liquor tank. The strong brine evaporating and crystallizing system can be used for processing mixed strong brine with TDS (total dissolved solids) concentration of 100-300g/L so as to realize continuous stable running and total recycling of the sewage, solves the problem of water resource shortage in some areas and reduces pollution to the environment.

The invention discloses a planting method of paddy rice by water-free arid soil transplantation, comprising three production operation processes of rice seeding raising, transplantation and field management, wherein the rice seeding raising process comprises the production steps of high-quality seed selection and processing, seedbed making, sowing and seedbed management; the transplantation process comprises the steps of water-free field management, hole digging, fertilization, transplantation and normal root watering; and the field management is as follows: only large fields are kept moist without inundation before the jointing of paddy rice grass, and the large fields are submerge into shallow water till paddy rice is ripe when the paddy rice is in a jointing growing period. The planting method can plant the paddy rice at the right time and in time when meeting any drought and any water scarcity condition in seedling transplantation seasons, thereby not only saving a large amount of water but also ensuring the high and stable yield of the paddy rice.

The invention discloses a porous fine denier nylon fiber used for water collection. Through appropriate processing of a nylon fiber, the porous fine denier nylon fiber can be prepared. The porous fine denier nylon fiber is of a certain micro/nano structure, moisture in air can be condensed into small water drops on the surface of the porous fine denier nylon fiber, the small water drops move directionally on the surface of the fiber to converge to form large water drops, finally the large water drops are separated from the surface of the fiber to enable the surface of the fiber to restore, and therefore the porous fine denier nylon fiber has the effect of a phase shift catalyst. The large water drops obtained through convergence can be obtained through collection, and therefore a potential solution is provided for solving the problem of water resource shortage.

The invention prepares composite water evaporation inhibitor through adopting the built technology. The technical characteristics are that long-chain fatty alcohol and short-chain alcohol are remixed into molecular film base material, stable solution is prepared through dissolving appropriate spreading solvent which is chosen in ambient temperature, thereby obtaining the water evaporation inhibitor. The water evaporation inhibitor which is obtained through the process can automatically spread out on the water level to form an insoluble molecular film, which has favorable temperature interference resistance ability, matter interference resistance and self-restoring ability, and the efficiency of inhibiting water evaporation is reduced as time prolongs, thereby having excellent stability. The preparation process of the invention is simple, and can be prepared in-situ. The water evaporation inhibitor which is prepared has extensive application prospect in water resource protection field, has great significance for solving the problem of water scarcity in arid area and reducing water resource loss, and can bring out enormous economic benefits and social benefits.

An experimental facility of rain control and regulation consists of rain generating unit, rain receiving unit and monitoring unit. Its experimental method includes simulating different natural raining, generating redistribution of rain at vertical direction and horizontal direction on rain receiving unit because of different conditions simulated to ground in said unit, Knowing regulation action of different ground conditions to different raining by measuring ground surface water and water in soil.

Many areas in the world already suffer shortages of water, and others will suffer from it in the coming years. Therefore more efficient water sweetening is essential for our survival on this planet. The most commonly used water sweetening methods are: Reversed osmosis, distillation, electrodyalisis, and partial freezing. However, these methods suffer from low efficiency and high energy consumption, thus making them significantly more expensive than naturally obtained water. The present invention describes a system & method for efficient and low energy sweetening of water, based on borderline fast fluctuation between liquid to gaseous state and back, by using centrifugal forces to make water droplets fly at a high speed, so that they evaporate for a split second, the salt is separated, and they condense again. The present invention tries to make the process energy-efficient by enabling the use of lower speeds and smaller droplet sizes and solving various problems involved with that.

The invention discloses a multi-objective optimization scheduling method suitable for coastal region water resources. The method comprises the steps of generalizing a water resource system according to the characteristics of a coastal region; determining an objective function and constraint conditions, and establishing a multi-water-source multi-objective multi-user coastal region water resource optimization scheduling model; using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve a multi-objective optimization problem based on Pareto dominance, and constructing a non-inferior solution set of a coastal region water resource optimization scheduling model by judging a dominance relation; and acquiring an optimal scheme by taking the minimum Euler distance from the ideal solution as the criterion. According to the method, the current situation of engineering type and water quality type mixed water shortage in the coastal region is taken as the background; The invention provides an optimal scheduling method for combined water supply of a plain reservoir, a plain river network and a long-distance water transfer project, which conforms to the characteristics of the coastalregion, realizes a water resource scheduling pattern of quality-based water supply and excellent water utilization, and has practical significance for improving the situation of water resource shortage of the coastal region.

The invention discloses a drought evaluation system for an inland river drought oasis zone. The method includes the following steps: 1) calculating the water resource shortage amount; 2) calculating water resource shortage index; 3) establishing drought evaluation indexes; and 4) modifying parameters. Compared with the prior art, the drought evaluation system can construct the drought evaluation indexes suitable for the inland river drought oasis zone from a water resource system perspective, solves the problem of inland river drought evaluation for a long term, can scientifically and fully reflect characters of drought events. The drought evaluation system can be widely applied to drought evaluation of the inland river drought oasis zone which is affected by human activities, in particular to drought quantification evaluation of the Aksu river basin oasis zones.

The invention discloses a rainwater treatment device. The rainwater treatment device comprises a water inlet, a rainwater purifier and a water outlet, wherein the rainwater purifier is provided with apurification layer and a water storage layer from top to bottom in sequence; the purification layer comprises a sand filter screen, a coal cinder layer and an active carbon layer; the purification layer is detachably installed on the rainwater purifier; a water outlet valve is arranged at the position of the water outlet; and a dismountable scrap collection tank is arranged at the bottom of the water storage layer. According to the rainwater treatment device disclosed by the invention, collected rainwater is purified by the rainwater purifier for recycling, resource utilization for rainwatercan be realized under the broad environment of water resource shortage, and the purification layer is detachably installed inside the rainwater purification device, so that the device is convenient tochange and clean according to using conditions.

The invention discloses a determination method for a sandy land agricultural development and utilization adaptability scale of a sandstone area. The method comprises the steps of firstly calculating awater resource constraint threshold in the area; secondly according to three objective functions of economic benefits, social benefits and ecologic benefits, establishing constraint conditions; thirdly building a multi-objective optimization model, and setting multiple situation schemes meeting different planting structures; and finally solving the multiple situation schemes of the different planting structures, and determining the sandy land agricultural development adaptability scale and an optimal planting structure. The method solves the problem of water resource shortage in a sandy landagricultural development and utilization process of the sandstone area, facilitates sustainable utilization of water and land resources in a development area, and promotes a virtuous circle of ecological environment in the area.

The invention discloses a wheat stubble summer corn drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration cultivation method under a no-tillage direct-sowing condition. The method comprises the following steps of 1, planting wheat with equal line spacing, wherein 11 lines of the wheat are planted ever bed, and 4 drip irrigation pipes/belts are laid correspondingly; 2, removing 2 irrigation pipes/belts at intervals in every bed before the wheat is harvested, wherein the remaining 2 irrigation pipes/belts are used for water and fertilizer irrigation in a corn planting season; 3, adopting a wide and narrow line mode when corn is planted, wherein 4 lines of corn is planted every bed; 4, removing all the irrigation pipes/belts around the time when the corn is harvested, wherein cultivation preparation is conducted for wheat planting in the next season after the corn is harvested, and anniversary planting circulation is completed. The wheat stubble summer corn drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration cultivation method under the no-tillage direct-sowing condition can effectively solve the major problems that the wheat and corn main production area are short in water resource, low in water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, low in land productivity, low in labor productivity and the like, and has remarkable economic and social benefit.

The invention discloses a sponge city rainwater collecting and treating system and a rainwater collecting and treating method thereof. The sponge city rainwater collecting and treating system comprises a drainage system, a rainwater permeating unit, a rainwater storage unit, a rainwater treating unit and a rainwater recycling unit; the drainage system comprises a rainwater collecting groove, a drainage pipe, a drainage pool and a water feeding pipe; the rainwater collecting groove is connected with the drainage pool through the drainage pipe, and the drainage pool is communicated with the rainwater permeating unit through the water feeding pipe; the rainwater permeating unit is arranged on a sponge city greenbelt; the rainwater permeating unit feeds collected rainwater to an underground rainwater storage unit; the rainwater treating unit filters the rainwater many times, and the sterilized rainwater is fed to a place where water is needed through the rainwater recycling unit. By meansof the sponge city rainwater collecting and treating system, the rainwater is reutilized to irrigating, washing toilets, flushing vehicles and supplementing scenery water, saves tap water, reduces thecost of water treatment and effectively solves the problem of water resource shortage.

The invention relates to a water resources distribution technology, which discloses a method for optimizing the allocation of water resources in a watershed, which solves the contradiction problem ofwater use in each region and each water use part under the condition of water resources shortage, and realizes the water use-equity, efficiency and economic water resources allocation. The method includes the following steps: a, considering the fairness of initial water rights allocation, the stability of water resources allocation system and the efficiency of water use rights allocation, constructing a multi-objective bi-level decision model of water resources allocation; b, solving the multi-objective bilevel decision-making model and allocating the water resources according to the result ofthe solution. The invention improves the fairness of water resources distribution in river basins, From the viewpoint of stability and economic efficiency, a multi-objective two-level model is established to consider the Steinberg game relationship between basin managers and zoning managers, and the Nash game relationship between different water use sectors, so as to help basin managers achieve sustainable water resources allocation and regional economic development.

The invention discloses a water resource scheduling optimization method based on an empirical model. The water resource scheduling optimization method comprises the following steps: S1, further generalizing scheduling objects in a water supply network and corresponding relationships thereof into a directed graph formed by basic knot primitives of points, lines and surfaces according to a complex network topology structure dynamic combination technology; S2, predicting the water demand of the networked water plant, wherein a prediction result is used as a boundary condition for making a water resource scheduling scheme; and S3, acquiring a water demand characteristic time period of the water plant through historical data analysis, and processing the data by using an LSTM-RNN deep learning technology to obtain a prediction experience model; the water resource scheduling optimization method based on the empirical model is used for solving the water use contradiction problem of each wateruse part under the condition of water resource shortage, and solving the problems that in the prior art, the information technology is insufficiently applied, and the calculation result is difficult to assist the water resource scheduling work. Reasonability of water resource scheduling and wide applicability to scheduling business can be improved to a great extent.

The invention prepares a heterogeneous water evaporation inhibitor through adopting the emulsification technology. The technical characteristics are that using petroleum ether as oil phase solvent, using fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether series as emulsifying agent, remixing long-chain fatty alcohol and short-chain alcohol as molecular film base material, preparing stable W/O elusion through adopting supersonic dispersion, thereby obtaining water evaporation inhibitor. The water evaporation inhibitor which is obtained through the process can automatically spread out on the water level to form an insoluble molecular film, which has favorable temperature interference resistance ability, matter interference resistance and self-restoring ability, and the efficiency of inhibiting water evaporation is reduced as time prolongs, thereby having excellent stability. The preparation process of the invention is simple, and has small requirement for devices. And the product which is prepared has extensive application prospect in water resource protection field, has great significance for solving the problem of water scarcity in arid area and reducing water resource loss, and can bring out enormous economic benefits and social benefits.

The invention discloses a rainwater collection-reuse treatment device, comprising a rainwater collecting and purifying device and a rainwater storage pond which are connected through a pipeline, wherein the rainwater collecting and purifying device is provided with a plurality of purifying layers, and the rainwater storage pond is used for conveying and reusing the collected and purified rainwater. According to the rainwater collection-reuse treatment device, the rainwater can be collected, purified and reused; by arranging multiple rainwater purifying layers, the rainwater can be collected and purified; and by arranging the rainwater storage pond, the collected and purified rainwater can be utilized for flushing greenbelts, washing vehicles, spraying pavements and flushing toilet bowls, so that the resource utilization of the rainwater can be realized in a broad environment lacking of the water resource, and the pressure caused to a municipal rainwater pipe network during the rainstorm can be relieved.

The invention provides a method for removing toluene in water by utilization of aerobic granular sludge. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the COD value; extracting extracellular polymers; calculating the sludge settling ratio; calculating the sludge concentration; using a microscope for microscopical examination, using an acid-base meter to measure the pH value, and using a dissolved oxygen meter to measure the DO value; and using a common thermometer to measure the room temperature and the water temperature. The method has the advantages that culture of the aerobic granular sludge is favorable for realizing improvement of the prior sewage treatment technology, and is beneficial in the aspects of treatment of water pollution, control of eutrophication of water bodies, protection of water resources and ecology, and so on. The method combines actual sewage and simulated sewage to culture the aerobic granular sludge, has better removal effect on pollutants in wastewater, has simple preparation technology, simple and convenient operation, low energy consumption and low cost, provides novel technology suitable for industrialization for the water treatment industry, and simultaneously provides technical support for releasing water resource shortage and improving the water environmental pollution condition.

The invention relates to a BX high-end three-dimensional integrated solid-liquid synchronous deeply sewage-treating device and a manufacturing method. The device is characterized by forming a set of complete sewage treating system device by three-dimensionally combining power transmission, double-vortex gearshift, dosing neutralizing, oil-water separation, aeration biochemical treatment, solid-liquid centrifugal separation, sweeping de-sliming, sludge wiping, overhead storage, biologic gnawing, deep physical absorption, malnutrition reduction, PH value, heavy metal (other pollutants), turbidity self-detection, cross circulation backwashing, sterilization and disinfection, water purification and draining, overhead bearing support and automatic control system. The energy consumption is low, the running cost is low and the industrial wastewater, rural sewage, municipal (other) sewage and reclaimed water are locally intensively treated nearby, so that the requirements for standard emission and resource reutilization are met; the device has obvious effects of cleaning production, capacity promotion and effect enhancement; the device has huge national benefit or public benefit at the aspects of water resource shortage, water pollution, sustainable economic development maintenance and promotion for energy saving and emission reduction.

The invention discloses an SS multilayer mixed flow precipitation device and a precipitation method thereof. Due to the fact that the social industry develops rapidly, the problem of water resource shortage becomes more and more serious, wastewater reuse treatment engineering has great significance in cyclic utilization of water resources, and industrial water pressure can be effectively relieved.The SS multilayer mixed flow precipitation device comprises a water inlet module, an efficient precipitation module and a backwashing module. The water inlet module comprises a wastewater collectingtank, a sewage lifting pump and a first on-off valve; the efficient precipitation module comprises a precipitation device main body, a wastewater inlet central pipe, a water retaining weir plate, a multi-layer water purification inclined plate, a variable-speed mixing area, a fine grid, filter sand, a second on-off valve and a pneumatic diaphragm pump; and the backwashing module comprises an aeration fan and a porous aeration pipe. The process characteristics of the inclined pipe and the vertical flow sedimentation tank are integrated, the treatment capacity and the treatment effect on high SSwastewater are effectively improved, and the sedimentation advantage is obvious in comparison with the devices and the methods in the prior art.

The invention discloses a solar device for obtaining water from air for desert regions. The solar device comprises a solar heat collector, a condensation pipe, a water storage tank, a centrifugal fan,a condensation pipe, a PLC and a solar power supply system, wherein an inlet of the solar heat collector is communicated with the atmosphere; an adsorbent is arranged in the solar heat collector, andan outlet of the solar heat collector is communicated with an inlet of an electric three-way valve; a first outlet of the electric three-way valve is communicated with one end of the condensation pipe, and the other end of the condensation pipe is communicated with the water storage tank; a second outlet of the electric three-way valve is communicated with the air inlet end of the centrifugal fan, and the air inlet end of the centrifugal fan is communicated with the condensation pipe; the PLC is electrically connected with the solar heat collector, the electric three-way valve and the centrifugal fan separately. The solar device has the advantages that the adsorbent is used for adsorbing water vapor in the air, and the water vapor is desorbed at a relatively high temperature, exchanges heat with the low-temperature underground environment and is condensed into liquid water, so that the problem of water resource shortage in the dry areas such as deserts is solved.

The invention discloses a rainwater regulating and storing system of a sponge city ecological road, which comprises a pavement, a comprehensive pipe corridor, an infiltration system of a sidewalk greening isolation zone, a regulating and storing system of a non-motor vehicle lane isolation zone and a central isolation zone; the rainwater regulating and storing system comprises a pavement, a comprehensive pipe corridor, a pavement greening isolation zone infiltration system, a non-motor vehicle lane isolation zone regulation system and a central isolation zone regulation system. The pavement includes pedestrian pervious asphalt pavement, non-motor vehicle pervious concrete pavement and motor vehicle pervious concrete pavement. The comprehensive pipe corridor is buried under the pedestrian permeable asphalt pavement; the infiltration system of sidewalk greening isolation zone is located between pedestrian permeable asphalt pavement and non-motor vehicle permeable concrete pavement. The regulating and storing system of the non-motor vehicle lane isolation belt is located between the non-motor vehicle permeable concrete pavement and the motor vehicle permeable concrete pavement; the regulating and storing system of the non-motor vehicle lane isolation belt is located between the non-motor vehicle permeable concrete pavement and the motor vehicle permeable concrete pavement. The other side of the motor vehicle permeable concrete pavement is provided with a central isolation belt regulating and storing system. The invention can realize the rapid drainage of the main road of the city, effectively absorb the rainwater in the rainstorm weather, store and utilize the rainwater, realize the automatic sprinkling of the city greening, replenish the groundwater, alleviate the prominent problems such as the shortage of the water resources and the like.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a texturing device and method for silicon solar cells. The method includes the steps as follows: placing the silicon solar cell in a capacitive coupling plasma device excited by a double-RF power supply; introducing reaction gas in the plasma device; and enabling the reaction gas to form a plasma under the excitation of the double-RF power supply; and etching the surface of the silicon solar cell through the plasma under the action of the double-RF power supply, so as to realize texturing of the silicon solar cell. The texturing device and the method for silicon solar cells, provided by the invention, not only can solve the problems of water resource shortage, environmental pollution and the like, existing during the texturing through adopting the wet process chemical etch manner, but also can reduce the breakage rate of silicon chips and the reflectivity on the surfaces of the silicon solar cells.