In the field of optical communication, the present invention is an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer capable of demultiplexing multiplexed optical signals of multiple wavelength regions into each wavelength region, or combining the light of each wavelength region. That is, the optical multiplexed light of wavelength λ1, λ2, λ3, λ4 is emitted from the optical fiber (9a), and its optical axis is bent by the microlens (12a) of the microlens array (14) to become parallel light, by Reflected by the plane mirror layer (19), it is incident to the filter layer (17). The filter (17a) only transmits light of wavelength λ1, so light of other wavelengths is reflected, reflected by the plane mirror layer (19) again, and enters the filter layer (17). The light transmitted through the filter (17a) is bent by the microlens (12c) to combine with the optical fiber (9c). Lights of wavelengths λ1, λ2, λ3, and λ4 are taken out from the light output ends of the optical fibers (9c, 9d, 9e, 9f), respectively.