The invention relates to a ceramic thermal barrier coating layer and a method for quickly preparing the coating layer through in-situ reaction, and belongs to the field of preparation and applicationof inorganic nonmetal materials. The component of the coating layer is La2(Ce1-xMx)2O7+delta, and M is one or a combination of two of Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Mo and W, wherein x is more than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.30, and delta is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.6. The coating layer is prepared by uniformly mixing soluble lanthanum salt, soluble cerium salt and soluble M salt through a plasma spraying method. The preparation method has the characteristics of simplicity, efficiency, low cost, flexible adjustment and control of the component of the coating layer, and is suitable for industrial production. The coating layer prepared through solution plasma spraying is excellent in heat isolation performance and thermal shock resistance; and the coating layer is stable in structure and long in service life and can be applied to high-temperature protection of a high-temperature alloy such as a marine engine, an aero-engine, a ground gas turbine and a rocket engine or a hot-end component of a refractory alloy.