The invention discloses an agricultural machinery thresher with a protection device, and relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The agricultural machinery thresher with the protection device comprises a threshing cylinder, wherein a motor is arranged in an inner cavity of the threshing cylinder, a motor shaft of the motor penetrates through a rear end surface of the threshing cylinder, matching driven gears are arranged on both the left and right sides of the threshing cylinder, rotating shafts are fixed onto the two sets of driven gears in an embedded mode, the peripheriesof both sets of rotating shafts are sleeved with threshing rollers, a fixing platform is arranged on the top of the threshing cylinder, pushing cylinders are arranged in positions, corresponding to both sets of threshing rollers, on the top of the fixing platform, first through holes are formed in positions, corresponding to the bottoms of both sets of pushing cylinders, of the fixing platform ina through mode, first motor bases are arranged on the tops of both sets of pushing cylinders, first reducers are arranged in inner cavities of both sets of first motor bases, and rotating rods are connected with the bottoms of both sets of first reducers. By means of the device, efficient rice threshing work is achieved, and efficient grain screening work can be conducted during threshing work, sothat plump grains are kept.