The present invention discloses a vertical water tube built-in premixed membrane-type wall-cooling burner and a gas boiler. The gas boiler includes a burner, a furnace, a
heat exchanger, and a
flue. The burner adopts a burning manner of premixer built-in and membrane-type wall cooling, and a central side-by-side tube bundle or an arc-side tube bundle is taken as a head of the burner, the furnace is two semi-cylindrical spaces enclosed by the burner and
heat exchanger, and the
heat exchanger is a water tube bundle that is connected with an upper annular header and a lower annular header and extends radially along 1-3 circles of circular arcs. The burner and the heat exchanger may be exchanged. After being burned by the burner, premixed gas generates
flue gas that flushes a corresponding heat exchange region and is collected and discharged through the
flue. The present invention has a compact structure,
low resistance,
high heat exchange efficiency, short gas process, uniform mixing and distribution,
deflagration prevention, and high safety, and is suitable for blended burning of
natural gas with low / zero-carbon fuel and pure fuel burning. Burning temperature is low, load is uniform, an adjustment ratio is large, and
NOx emissions are low; and the burner and the heat exchanger communicate with headers by using integrally or partially detachable flanges, which has high
maintainability.