The invention provides a method of producing a piece of delignified wood having a porous structure, said method comprising: chemically treating a piece of natural wood to remove at least 90% of
lignin from the natural wood while substantially retaining
cellulose-based lumina of the natural wood, thereby producing a piece of delignified wood; after the removing,
drying the piece of delignified wood by
freeze drying or
critical point drying, such that the
cellulose-based lumina remain open or unobstructed in a cross-sectional view; and after the
drying, further chemically treating the piece of delignified wood to be hydrophobic or resistant to weather or
salt water, or forming or depositing a
coating on exterior surfaces of the delignified wood. The unique
microstructure and composition of the delignified wood can provide advantageous
thermal insulation properties, among other advantages described herein.