The invention relates to a natural gas hydrate rotary pressure maintaining coring device which comprises an outer pipe assembly and an inner pipe assembly mounted in the outer pipe assembly, a drilling bit is arranged at the bottom end of the outer pipe assembly, the inner pipe assembly comprises an inner pipe assembly a and an inner pipe assembly b, the inner pipe assembly b is mounted in the inner pipe assembly a and can move along to the axis direction of the inner pipe assembly a, the inner pipe assembly a comprises a fishing spearhead, an elastic card mechanism, a lengthening pipe, a middle pipe short joint, a short connector, a sealing short joint, a connecting pipe, a middle pipe and a pressure retaining ball valve overturning and sealing mechanism which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the inner pipe assembly b comprises a lifting device, an elastic card hanging mechanism, an elastic pin short joint, an single-acting mechanism, a transformation connector, an adjusting connector, a connecting pipe, a sealing mechanism, a connecting long pipe, a connecting long pipe short joint and a rock core pipe which are sequentially connected from top to bottom. According to the device, rotary pressure maintaining sampling is achieved, the device can adapt to quaternary sedimentary land layers and bed rock and wider in application range.